Docker Compose 配置文件常用指令

Docker Compose 配置文件常用指令

YAML文件格式及编写注意事项

YAML是一种标记语言很直观的数据序列化格式，可读性高。类似于XML数据描述语言，语法比XML简单的很多。
YAML数据结构通过缩进来表示，连续的项目通过减号来表示，键值对用冒号分隔，数组用中括号括起来，hash用花括号括起来。

YAML文件格式注意事项：

1. 不支持制表符tab键缩进，需要使用空格缩进
2. 通常开头缩进2个空格
3. 字符后缩进1个空格，

# 构建镜像上下文路径

build

build: ./dir

build:

  context: ./dir

  dockerfile: Dockerfile-alternate

  args:

    buildno: 1

build: ./dir

image: webapp:tag

# 指定Dockefile文件名

dockerfile

build:

  context: .

  dockerfile: Dockerfile-alternate

# 来自镜像

image

image: redis

image: ubuntu:14.04

image: tutum/influxdb

image: example-registry.com:4000/postgresql

image: a4bc65fd

# 构建参数。在Dockerfile中指定的参数

args

build:

  context: .

  args:

    buildno: 1

    gitcommithash: cdc3b19

build:

  context: .

  args:

    - buildno=1

    - gitcommithash=cdc3b19

# 覆盖默认命令

command

command: bundle exec thin -p 3000

command: ["bundle", "exec", "thin", "-p", ""]

# 自定义容器名称。如果自定义名称，则无法将服务scale到1容器之外

container_name

container_name: my-web-container

# 指定与部署和运行相关的配置。限版本3

deploy

version: ''

services:

  redis:

    image: redis:alpine

    deploy:

      replicas: 6

      update_config:

        parallelism: 2

        delay: 10s

      restart_policy:

        condition: on-failure

# 服务之间的依赖，控制服务启动顺序。正常是按顺序启动服务

depends_on

version: ''

services:

  web:

    build: .

    depends_on:

      - db

      - redis

  redis:

    image: redis

  db:

    image: postgres

# 自定义DNS服务器，可以是单个值或列表

dns

dns: 8.8.8.8

dns:

  - 8.8.8.8

  - 9.9.9.9

# 覆盖entrypoin

entrypoint

entrypoint: /code/entrypoint.sh

entrypoint:

    - php

    - -d

    - zend_extension=/usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/xdebug.so

    - -d

    - memory_limit=-1

    - vendor/bin/phpunit

# 从文件添加环境变量，可以是单个值或列表

env_file

env_file: .env

env_file:

  - ./common.env

  - ./apps/web.env

  - /opt/secrets.env

# 添加环境变量，可以是数组或字典。布尔值用引号括起来。

environment

environment:

  RACK_ENV: development

  SHOW: 'true'

  SESSION_SECRET:

environment:

  - RACK_ENV=development

  - SHOW=true

  - SESSION_SECRET

# 声明容器服务端口

expose

expose:

 - ""

 - ""

# 连接到另一个容器

links

web:

  links:

   - db

   - db:database

   - redis

# 连接Compose之外的容器

external_links

external_links:

 - redis_1

 - project_db_1:mysql

 - project_db_1:postgresql

# 添加主机名映射，与—addhost相同

extra_hosts

extra_hosts:

 - "somehost:162.242.195.82"

 - "otherhost:50.31.209.229"

# 记录该服务的日志。与—logdriver相同

logging

logging:

  driver: syslog

  options:

    syslog-address: "tcp://192.168.0.42:123"

# 网络模式，与—net相同

network_mode

network_mode: "bridge"

network_mode: "host"

network_mode: "none"

network_mode: "service:[service name]"

network_mode: "container:[container name/id]"

# 要加入的网络。

networks

services:

  some-service:

    networks:

     - some-network

     - other-network

# 在加入网络时为该服务指定容器的静态IP地址

aliases

ipv4_address，ipv6_address

version: '2.1'

services:

  app:

    image: busybox

    command: ifconfig

    networks:

      app_net:

        ipv4_address: 172.16.238.10

        ipv6_address: 2001:3984:3989::10

networks:

  app_net:

    driver: bridge

    enable_ipv6: true

    ipam:

      driver: default

      config:

      -

        subnet: 172.16.238.0/24

      -

        subnet: 2001:3984:3989::/64

# 将PID模式设置主机PID模式，与宿主机共享PID地址空间。pid: “host”

pid

pid: "host"

# 暴露端口，与-p相同。但端口不低于60

ports

ports:

 - ""

 - "3000-3005"

 - "8000:8000"

 - "9090-9091:8080-8081"

 - "49100:22"

 - "127.0.0.1:8001:8001"

 - "127.0.0.1:5000-5010:5000-5010"

 - "6060:6060/udp"

# 再容器内设置内核参数，可以是数组或字典

sysctls

sysctls:

  net.core.somaxconn: 1024

  net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies: 0

sysctls:

  - net.core.somaxconn=1024

  - net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=0

# 覆盖容器的默认ulimits

ulimits

ulimits:

  nproc: 65535

  nofile:

    soft: 20000

    hard: 40000

# 挂载一个目录或一个已存在的数据卷容器到容器

volumes

version: "3.2"

services:

  web:

    image: nginx:alpine

    volumes:

      - type: volume

        source: mydata

        target: /data

        volume:

          nocopy: true

      - type: bind

        source: ./static

        target: /opt/app/static

version: '3.3'

services:

  redis:

    image: 192.168.1.81:/redis:4.0.

    volumes:

      - type: volume

        source: redis-nfs

        target: /usr/local/redis-4.0./data

        volume:

          nocopy: true

volumes:

  redis-nfs:

    driver: local

    driver_opts:

      type: "nfs"

      o: "addr=192.168.1.81,vers=4,soft,timeo=180,bg,tcp,rw"

      device: "192.168.1.81:/data"

创建NFS持久化

# 默认 no ， always|onfailure|unless-stopped

restart

restart: "no"

restart: always

restart: on-failure

restart: unless-stopped

# 主机名

hostname

domainname: foo.com

hostname: foo

ipc: host

mac_address: 02:42:ac:11:65:43

# 工作目录

working_dir

user: postgresql

working_dir: /code