如何给printf重音的字符在ANSI C（如E I O u那样）

本文介绍了如何给printf重音的字符在ANSI C（如E I O u那样）的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！

问题描述

我试图的printf 与一些重音的字符，如 A E I O U ：

I tried to printf with some accented characters such as á é í ó ú:

的printf（我的名字叫肖恩\\ n）;

在DEVC ++ IDE文本编辑器显示它们很好 - 即源$ C $ C看起来不错。
我想我需要比 stdio.h中其他一些库，也许是正常的变型的一些的printf 。

The text editor in the DEVC++ IDE displays them fine - i.e the source code looks fine.I guess I need some library other than stdio.h and maybe some variant of the normal printf.

我使用IDE流血DEVC在Windows XP上运行。

I'm using IDE Bloodshed DEVC running on Windows XP.

推荐答案

也许最好是使用统一code。

Perhaps the best is to use Unicode.

下面是如何...

首先，手动设置控制台字体为索拉或龙力控制台或任何真正的类型统一code字型，你可以选择（光栅字体可能无法正常工作，这些都不是统一code字型，虽然他们可能包括人物你有兴趣）。

First, manually set your console font to "Consolas" or "Lucida Console" or whichever True-Type Unicode font you can choose ("Raster fonts" may not work, those aren't Unicode fonts, although they may include characters you're interested in).

接下来， SetConsoleOutputCP设置控制台code页，65001（UTF-8）（CP_UTF8）。

然后用你的文字转换为UTF-8（如果它尚未UTF-8）调用WideCharToMultiByte（CP_UTF8，...）。

Then convert your text to UTF-8 (if it's not yet in UTF-8) using WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, ...).

最后，调用 WriteConsoleA（）输出UTF-8文本。

Finally, call WriteConsoleA() to output the UTF-8 text.

下面是一个小功能，做所有这些事情对你来说，这是的改良变种wprintf（）：

Here's a little function that does all these things for you, it's an "improved" variant of wprintf():

int _wprintf(const wchar_t* format, ...)
{
  int r;
  static int utf8ModeSet = 0;
  static wchar_t* bufWchar = NULL;
  static size_t bufWcharCount = 256;
  static char* bufMchar = NULL;
  static size_t bufMcharCount = 256;
  va_list vl;
  int mcharCount = 0;

  if (utf8ModeSet == 0)
  {
    if (!SetConsoleOutputCP(CP_UTF8))
    {
      DWORD err = GetLastError();
      fprintf(stderr, "SetConsoleOutputCP(CP_UTF8) failed with error 0x%X\n", err);
      utf8ModeSet = -1;
    }
    else
    {
      utf8ModeSet = 1;
    }
  }

  if (utf8ModeSet != 1)
  {
    va_start(vl, format);
    r = vwprintf(format, vl);
    va_end(vl);
    return r;
  }

  if (bufWchar == NULL)
  {
    if ((bufWchar = malloc(bufWcharCount * sizeof(wchar_t))) == NULL)
    {
      return -1;
    }
  }

  for (;;)
  {
    va_start(vl, format);
    r = vswprintf(bufWchar, bufWcharCount, format, vl);
    va_end(vl);

    if (r < 0)
    {
      break;
    }

    if (r + 2 <= bufWcharCount)
    {
      break;
    }

    free(bufWchar);
    if ((bufWchar = malloc(bufWcharCount * sizeof(wchar_t) * 2)) == NULL)
    {
      return -1;
    }
    bufWcharCount *= 2;
  }

  if (r > 0)
  {
    if (bufMchar == NULL)
    {
      if ((bufMchar = malloc(bufMcharCount)) == NULL)
      {
        return -1;
      }
    }

    for (;;)
    {
      mcharCount = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8,
                                       0,
                                       bufWchar,
                                       -1,
                                       bufMchar,
                                       bufMcharCount,
                                       NULL,
                                       NULL);
      if (mcharCount > 0)
      {
        break;
      }

      if (GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
      {
        return -1;
      }

      free(bufMchar);
      if ((bufMchar = malloc(bufMcharCount * 2)) == NULL)
      {
        return -1;
      }
      bufMcharCount *= 2;
    }
  }

  if (mcharCount > 1)
  {
    DWORD numberOfCharsWritten, consoleMode;

    if (GetConsoleMode(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), &consoleMode))
    {
      fflush(stdout);
      if (!WriteConsoleA(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),
                         bufMchar,
                         mcharCount - 1,
                         &numberOfCharsWritten,
                         NULL))
      {
        return -1;
      }
    }
    else
    {
      if (fputs(bufMchar, stdout) == EOF)
      {
        return -1;
      }
    }
  }

  return r;
}

以下测试此功能：

Following tests this function:

_wprintf(L"\xA0\xA1\xA2\xA3\xA4\xA5\xA6\xA7"
         L"\xA8\xA9\xAA\xAB\xAC\xAD\xAE\xAF"
         L"\xB0\xB1\xB2\xB3\xB4\xB5\xB6\xB7"
         L"\xB8\xB9\xBA\xBB\xBC\xBD\xBE\xBF"
         L"\n"
         L"\xC0\xC1\xC2\xC3\xC4\xC5\xC6\xC7"
         L"\xC8\xC9\xCA\xCB\xCC\xCD\xCE\xCF"
         L"\xD0\xD1\xD2\xD3\xD4\xD5\xD6\xD7"
         L"\xD8\xD9\xDA\xDB\xDC\xDD\xDE\xDF"
         L"\n"
         L"\xE0\xE1\xE2\xE3\xE4\xE5\xE6\xE7"
         L"\xE8\xE9\xEA\xEB\xEC\xED\xEE\xEF"
         L"\xF0\xF1\xF2\xF3\xF4\xF5\xF6\xF7"
         L"\xF8\xF9\xFA\xFB\xFC\xFD\xFE\xFF"
         L"\n");

_wprintf(L"\x391\x392\x393\x394\x395\x396\x397"
         L"\x398\x399\x39A\x39B\x39C\x39D\x39E\x39F"
         L"\x3A0\x3A1\x3A2\x3A3\x3A4\x3A5\x3A6\x3A7"
         L"\x3A8\x3A9\x3AA\x3AB\x3AC\x3AD\x3AE\x3AF\x3B0"
         L"\n"
         L"\x3B1\x3B2\x3B3\x3B4\x3B5\x3B6\x3B7"
         L"\x3B8\x3B9\x3BA\x3BB\x3BC\x3BD\x3BE\x3BF"
         L"\x3C0\x3C1\x3C2\x3C3\x3C4\x3C5\x3C6\x3C7"
         L"\x3C8\x3C9\x3CA\x3CB\x3CC\x3CD\x3CE"
         L"\n");

_wprintf(L"\x410\x411\x412\x413\x414\x415\x401\x416\x417"
         L"\x418\x419\x41A\x41B\x41C\x41D\x41E\x41F"
         L"\x420\x421\x422\x423\x424\x425\x426\x427"
         L"\x428\x429\x42A\x42B\x42C\x42D\x42E\x42F"
         L"\n"
         L"\x430\x431\x432\x433\x434\x435\x451\x436\x437"
         L"\x438\x439\x43A\x43B\x43C\x43D\x43E\x43F"
         L"\x440\x441\x442\x443\x444\x445\x446\x447"
         L"\x448\x449\x44A\x44B\x44C\x44D\x44E\x44F"
         L"\n");

和应导致在控制台下面的文字：

And should result in the following text in the console:

 ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿
ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞß
àáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿ
ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡ΢ΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫάέήίΰ
αβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρςστυφχψωϊϋόύώ
АБВГДЕЁЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯ
абвгдеёжзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюя

我不知道其中以.c / .cpp文件的IDE存储非ASCII字符，我不知道你的编译器做什么时，遇到非ASCII字符的编码。这部分，你应该搞清楚自己。

I do not know the encoding in which your IDE stores non-ASCII characters in .c/.cpp files and I do not know what your compiler does when encounters non-ASCII characters. This part you should figure out yourself.

只要你提供给 _wprintf（）正确连接codeD UTF-16的文字或致电 WriteConsoleA（），在正确连接codeD UTF-8文本，事情应该工作。

As long as you supply to _wprintf() properly encoded UTF-16 text or call WriteConsoleA() with properly encoded UTF-8 text, things should work.

P.S。有关控制台字体的一些血淋淋的细节可以发现的。

P.S. Some gory details about console fonts can be found here.

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