当我有多个 NIC 时，如何确定我的所有 IP 地址?

问题描述

我的计算机上有多个网络接口卡，每个都有自己的 IP 地址.

当我使用 Python(内置)socket 模块中的 gethostbyname(gethostname()) 时，它只会返回其中之一.我如何获得其他人?

解决方案

使用netifaces 模块.因为网络很复杂，所以使用 netifaces 可能有点棘手，但这里是如何做你想做的事:

>>>进口网面>>>netifaces.interfaces()['lo', 'eth0']>>>netifaces.ifaddresses('eth0'){17: [{'广播': 'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', 'addr': '00:11:2f:32:63:45'}], 2: [{'广播': '10.0.0.255', 'netmask': '255.255.255.0', 'addr': '10.0.0.2'}], 10: [{'netmask': 'ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', '地址':'fe80::211:2fff:fe32:6345%eth0'}]}>>>对于 netifaces.interfaces() 中的接口:... 打印 netifaces.ifaddresses(interface)[netifaces.AF_INET]...[{'peer': '127.0.0.1', 'netmask': '255.0.0.0', 'addr': '127.0.0.1'}][{'广播':'10.0.0.255'，'网络掩码':'255.255.255.0'，'地址':'10.0.0.2'}]>>>对于 netifaces.interfaces() 中的接口:...对于 netifaces.ifaddresses(interface)[netifaces.AF_INET] 中的链接:... 打印链接['addr']...127.0.0.110.0.0.2

这可以像这样更可读:

 from netifaces 导入接口、ifaddresses、AF_INETdef ip4_addresses():ip_list = []对于接口()中的接口:对于 ifaddresses(interface)[AF_INET] 中的链接:ip_list.append(link['addr'])返回 ip_list

如果您需要 IPv6 地址，请使用 AF_INET6 而不是 AF_INET.如果你想知道为什么 netifaces 到处使用列表和字典，那是因为一台计算机可以有多个网卡，每个网卡可以有多个地址，每个地址都有自己的一组选项.

I have multiple Network Interface Cards on my computer, each with its own IP address.

When I use gethostbyname(gethostname()) from Python's (built-in) socket module, it will only return one of them. How do I get the others?

解决方案

Use the netifaces module. Because networking is complex, using netifaces can be a little tricky, but here's how to do what you want:

>>> import netifaces
>>> netifaces.interfaces()
['lo', 'eth0']
>>> netifaces.ifaddresses('eth0')
{17: [{'broadcast': 'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', 'addr': '00:11:2f:32:63:45'}], 2: [{'broadcast': '10.0.0.255', 'netmask': '255.255.255.0', 'addr': '10.0.0.2'}], 10: [{'netmask': 'ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', 'addr': 'fe80::211:2fff:fe32:6345%eth0'}]}
>>> for interface in netifaces.interfaces():
...   print netifaces.ifaddresses(interface)[netifaces.AF_INET]
...
[{'peer': '127.0.0.1', 'netmask': '255.0.0.0', 'addr': '127.0.0.1'}]
[{'broadcast': '10.0.0.255', 'netmask': '255.255.255.0', 'addr': '10.0.0.2'}]
>>> for interface in netifaces.interfaces():
...   for link in netifaces.ifaddresses(interface)[netifaces.AF_INET]:
...     print link['addr']
...
127.0.0.1
10.0.0.2

This can be made a little more readable like this:

from netifaces import interfaces, ifaddresses, AF_INET

def ip4_addresses():
    ip_list = []
    for interface in interfaces():
        for link in ifaddresses(interface)[AF_INET]:
            ip_list.append(link['addr'])
    return ip_list

If you want IPv6 addresses, use AF_INET6 instead of AF_INET. If you're wondering why netifaces uses lists and dictionaries all over the place, it's because a single computer can have multiple NICs, and each NIC can have multiple addresses, and each address has its own set of options.

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