如何从 App Engine 连接到 Cloud SQL MySQL 数据库?

问题描述

我目前正在 App Engine 柔性环境中设置一个名为 Mautic 的开源营销软件.但是，我在使用 MySQLi 将 App Engine 连接到 Cloud SQL MySQL 数据库时遇到了问题.Mautic 是一个建立在 Symfony 之上的 PHP 应用程序.我尝试使用/cloudsql/<instance_connection_name> 作为主机，但是没有用.有没有人有在 App Engine 上部署 Mautic 的经验或知道如何解决这个问题?

I am currently setting up an open-source marketing software called Mautic on App Engine Flexible Environment. However, I'm having trouble with connecting the App Engine to the Cloud SQL MySQL database using MySQLi. Mautic is a PHP application built on top of Symfony. I tried using /cloudsql/<instance_connection_name> as the host, but it didn't work. Does anyone have any experience with deploying Mautic on App Engine or know to address this problem?

推荐答案

CONNECTING FROM APP ENGINE (FLEX AND STANDARD) TO CLOUD SQL USING TCP AND UNIX DOMAIN SOCKETS 2020

1.新建项目

gcloud projects create con-ae-to-sql
gcloud config set project con-ae-to-sql
gcloud projects describe con-ae-to-sql

2. 为您的项目启用计费:https://cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/modify-project

2.Enable billing on you project: https://cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/modify-project

3.运行以下 gcloud 命令以启用 App Engine 并创建关联的应用程序资源

3.Run the following gcloud command to enable App Engine and create the associated application resources

gcloud app create -region europe-west2
gcloud app describe
#Remember the location of you App Engine aplication, because we will create all our resources on the same region

4.设置计算项目信息元数据:

4.Set the compute project-info metadata:

 gcloud compute project-info describe --project con-ae-to-sql
 #Enable the Api, and you can check that default-region,google-compute-default-zone are not set. Set the metadata.
 gcloud compute project-info add-metadata --metadata google-compute-default-region=europe-west2,google-compute-default-zone=europe-west2-b

5.启用服务网络Api:

5.Enable Service Networking Api:

gcloud services list --available
gcloud services enable servicenetworking.googleapis.com

6.创建2个云sql实例，(一个内部ip，一个公共ip)- https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/mysql/create-instance:

6.Create 2 cloud sql instances, (one with internall ip and one with public ip)- https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/mysql/create-instance:

6.a 带有外部 ip 的 Cloud Sql 实例:

6.a Cloud Sql Instance with external ip:

#Create the sql instance in the same region as App Engine Application
gcloud --project=con-ae-to-sql beta sql instances create database-external --region=europe-west2
#Set the password for the "root@%" MySQL user:
gcloud sql users set-password root --host=% --instance database-external --password root
#Create a user
gcloud sql users create user_name --host=% --instance=database-external  --password=user_password
#Create a database
gcloud sql databases create user_database --instance=database-external
gcloud sql databases list --instance=database-external

6.b 带有内部 ip 的 Cloud Sql 实例:

6.b Cloud Sql Instance with internal ip:

i.#Create a private connection to Google so that the VM instances in the default VPC network can use private services access to reach Google services that support it.

gcloud compute addresses create google-managed-services-my-network     --global  --purpose=VPC_PEERING --prefix-length=16  --description="peering range for Google"  --network=default --project=con-ae-to-sql
gcloud services vpc-peerings connect --service=servicenetworking.googleapis.com --ranges=google-managed-services-my-network  --network=default  --project=con-ae-to-sql
#Check whether the operation was successful.
gcloud services vpc-peerings operations describe     --name=operations/pssn.dacc3510-ebc6-40bd-a07b-8c79c1f4fa9a
#Listing private connections
gcloud services vpc-peerings list --network=default --project=con-ae-to-sql

ii.Create the instance:

gcloud --project=con-ae-to-sql beta sql instances create database-ipinternal --network=default --no-assign-ip  --region=europe-west2
#Set the password for the "root@%" MySQL user:
gcloud sql users set-password root --host=% --instance database-ipinternal --password root
#Create a user
gcloud sql users create user_name --host=% --instance=database-ipinternal  --password=user_password
#Create a database
gcloud sql databases create user_database --instance=database-ipinternal
gcloud sql databases list --instance=database-ipinternal


gcloud sql instances list
gcloud sql instances describe database-external
gcloud sql instances describe database-ipinternal
#Remember the instances connectionName

好的，所以我们有两个 mysql 实例，我们将使用 Serverless Access 和 TCP 从 App Engine Standard 连接到 database-ipinternal，使用 unix domain socket 从 App Engine Standard 连接到 database-external，从 App Engine Flex 连接到 database-ipinternal使用 TCP，并使用 unix 域套接字从 App Engine Flex 到数据库外部.

OK, so we have two mysql instances, we will connect from App Engine Standard to database-ipinternal using Serverless Access and TCP, from App Engine Standard to database-external using unix domain socket, from App Engine Flex to database-ipinternal using TCP, and from App Engine Flex to database-external using unix domain socket.

7.启用 Cloud SQL Admin API

7.Enable the Cloud SQL Admin API

gcloud services list --available
gcloud services enable sqladmin.googleapis.com

8.目前 App Engine 标准环境不支持使用 TCP 连接到 Cloud SQL 实例.您的代码不应尝试使用 IP 地址(例如 127.0.0.1 或 172.17.0.1)访问实例，除非您已配置无服务器 VPC 访问.所以让我们配置无服务器 VPC 访问.

8.At this time App Engine standard enviroments do not support connecting to the Cloud SQL instance using TCP. Your code should not try to access the instance using an IP address (such as 127.0.0.1 or 172.17.0.1) unless you have configured Serverless VPC Access.So let's configure Serverless VPC Access.

8.a 确保为您的项目启用了无服务器 VPC 访问 API:

8.a Ensure the Serverless VPC Access API is enabled for your project:

gcloud services enable vpcaccess.googleapis.com

8.b 创建连接器:

gcloud compute networks vpc-access connectors create serverless-connector --network default --region europe-west2 --range 10.10.0.0/28
#Verify that your connector is in the READY state before using it
gcloud compute networks vpc-access connectors describe serverless-connector --region europe-west2

9.App Engine 使用服务帐户授权您连接到 Cloud SQL.此服务帐号必须具有正确的 IAM 权限才能成功连接.除非另有配置，否则默认服务帐户的格式为 [e-mail].确保您的服务的服务帐户具有以下 IAM 角色:Cloud SQL 客户端，为了从 App Engine Standard 连接到内部 ip 上的 Cloud Sql，我们还需要角色 Compute Network User.

9.App Engine uses a service account to authorize your connections to Cloud SQL. This service account must have the correct IAM permissions to successfully connect. Unless otherwise configured, the default service account is in the format [e-mail]. Ensure that the service account for your service has the following IAM roles: Cloud SQL Client, and for connecting from App Engine Standard to Cloud Sql on internal ip we need also the role Compute Network User.

gcloud iam service-accounts list
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding con-ae-to-sql --member serviceAccount:[email protected] --role roles/cloudsql.client
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding con-ae-to-sql --member serviceAccount:[email protected] --role roles/compute.networkUser

现在我配置了设置

1.使用 Tcp 和 unix 域套接字从 App Engine Standard 连接到 Cloud Sql

cd app-engine-standard/
ls
#app.yaml  main.py requirements.txt

cat requirements.txt
Flask==1.1.1
sqlalchemy
pymysql
uwsgi==2.0.18

cat app.yaml
runtime: python37
entrypoint: uwsgi --http-socket :8080 --wsgi-file main.py --callable app --master --processes 1 --threads 2
vpc_access_connector:
    name: "projects/con-ae-to-sql/locations/europe-west2/connectors/serverless-connector"



cat main.py

from flask import Flask
import pymysql
from sqlalchemy import create_engine

# If `entrypoint` is not defined in app.yaml, App Engine will look for an app
# called `app` in `main.py`.
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello():
    engine_tcp = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://user_name:user_password@internal-ip-of-database-ipinternal:3306')
    existing_databases_tcp = engine_tcp.execute("SHOW DATABASES;")
    con_tcp = "Connecting from APP Engine Standard to Cloud SQL using TCP: databases => " + str([d[0] for d in existing_databases_tcp]).strip('[]') + "
"
    engine_unix_socket = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://user_name:user_password@/user_database?unix_socket=/cloudsql/con-ae-to-sql:europe-west2:database-external')
    existing_databases_unix_socket = engine_unix_socket.execute("SHOW DATABASES;")
    con_unix_socket = "Connecting from APP Engine Standard to Cloud SQL using Unix Sockets: tables in sys database:  => " + str([d[0] for d in existing_databases_unix_socket]).strip('[]') + "
"
    return con_tcp + con_unix_socket



gcloud app deploy -q
gcloud app browse
#Go to https://con-ae-to-sql.appspot.com
#Connecting from APP Engine Standard to Cloud SQL using TCP: databases => 'information_schema', 'user_database', 'mysql', 'performance_schema', 'sys' Connecting from APP Engine Standard to Cloud SQL using Unix Sockets: tables in sys database: => 'information_schema', 'user_database', 'mysql', 'performance_schema', 'sys'

成功！

2.使用 Tcp 和 unix 域套接字从 App Engine Flex 连接到 Cloud Sql

cd app-engine-flex/
ls
#app.yaml  main.py requirements.txt

cat requirements.txt
Flask==1.1.1
gunicorn==19.9.0
sqlalchemy
pymysql

cat app.yaml
runtime: python
env: flex
entrypoint: gunicorn -b :$PORT main:app
runtime_config:
  python_version: 3
#Using TCP and unix sockets domain
beta_settings:
 cloud_sql_instances: con-ae-to-sql:europe-west2:database-ipinternal=tcp:3306,con-ae-to-sql:europe-west2:database-external
manual_scaling:
  instances: 1
resources:
  cpu: 1
  memory_gb: 0.5
  disk_size_gb: 10


cat main.py

from flask import Flask
import pymysql
from sqlalchemy import create_engine

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello():
    engine_tcp = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://user_name:user_password@internal-ip-of-database-ipinternal:3306')
    existing_databases_tcp = engine_tcp.execute("SHOW DATABASES;")
    con_tcp = "Connecting from APP Engine Flex to Cloud SQL using TCP: databases => " + str([d[0] for d in existing_databases_tcp]).strip('[]') + "
"

    engine_unix_socket = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://user_name:user_password@/user_database?unix_socket=/cloudsql/con-ae-to-sql:europe-west2:database-external')
    existing_databases_unix_socket = engine_unix_socket.execute("SHOW DATABASES;")
    con_unix_socket = "Connecting from APP Engine Flex to Cloud SQL using Unix Sockets: tables in sys database:  => " + str([d[0] for d in existing_databases_unix_socket]).strip('[]') + "
"
    return con_tcp + con_unix_socket


gcloud app deploy -q
gcloud app browse
#Go to https://con-ae-to-sql.appspot.com
#Connecting from APP Engine Flex to Cloud SQL using TCP: databases => 'information_schema', 'marian', 'mysql', 'performance_schema', 'sys' Connecting from APP Engine Flex to Cloud SQL using Unix Sockets: tables in sys database: => 'information_schema', 'marian', 'mysql', 'performance_schema', 'sys'

成功！

这篇关于如何从 App Engine 连接到 Cloud SQL MySQL 数据库?的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持！