空矢量的大小

问题描述

以下使用 g ++ 4.8.2 运行的程序在32位Linux系统上给出了输出12：

The following program on running with g++ 4.8.2 gave the output 12 on a 32-bit Linux system:

vector<char> v;
cout << sizeof(v) << endl;

我看到并知道 sizeof（v）可能是特定于实现的。不过，我想知道是什么原因导致该向量的大小为12.我认为迭代器 v.begin（）和 v.end（）可能会贡献8个字节的大小。我对么？如果是，那剩下的4个字节的大小是什么？如果没有，这12个字节到底是什么？

I saw this and know that sizeof(v) could be implementation specific. Still, I was wondering what might be causing that vector to have a size of 12. What I think is that the iterators v.begin() and v.end() might be contributing to 8 bytes of the size. Am I correct? If yes, what is contributing to the remaining 4 bytes of size? If not, what are these 12 bytes all about?

推荐答案

看看来源。 libstdc ++ 是gcc下载的一部分。

Take a look at the sources. libstdc++ is part of the gcc download.

无论如何，容器必须有这些成员（或者等同于所有成员）指针）：

Anyway, the container must have these members (or equivalent, like all pointers):

1. 数据指针， char * 的4个字节。


2. 元素计数或结束指针， size_t 或 char * 。


3. 缓冲区大小或指向缓冲区结尾的指针，4 $字节用于 size_t 或 char * 。


4. 标准分配器（空的普通类型）不需要空间，这要归功于一些实现技巧（Empty-baseclass-optimization，和也许是部分模板特化）。

1. A data-pointer, 4 bytes for a char*.
2. An element count or an end pointer, 4 bytes for a size_t or char*.
3. A buffer-size or pointer to end-of-buffer, 4 bytes for a size_t or char*.
4. The standard allocator (empty trivial type) needs no space, thanks to some implementation-tricks (Empty-baseclass-optimization, and perhaps partial template-specialization).

理论上，如果不是指针，2和3可能会更小。虽然这会很奇怪，因为它会限制最大尺寸。

In theory, 2 and 3 might be smaller if not pointers. Though that would be curious, as it would restrict the maximum size.

正如预期的那样共12个字节。

Together 12 bytes, as expected.

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