问题描述
我已获得一个opengl示例，该示例演示如何使用纹理显示2d图像.我已经将示例扩展为在QOpenGLWidget中进行渲染.现在，我要使用QTimer来创建动画.
I've been given an opengl example demonstrating how to use a texture to display a 2d image. I've extended the example to render in a QOpenGLWidget. Now I want to use a QTimer to create an animation.
以下代码应在每次调用paintGL()时将随机生成的16x16灰度图像绘制到纹理上. QTimer每250ms调用一次update()，但是当我调整窗口大小时，我只能看到场景的更新，而我不知道为什么.
The code below should draw a randomly generated 16x16 greyscale image to a texture every time paintGL() is called. A QTimer calls update() every 250ms but I am only seeing updates to the scene when I resize the window and I can't work out why.
我对opengl的经验有限，并且不完全了解绘图代码所做的一切. resizeGL()中是否还需要在paintGL()中包含某些内容?我是否误解了QOpenGLWidget应该如何工作?我应该使用提供的QOpenGLFunctions而不是PyOpenGL吗?
I have limited experience with opengl and don't fully understand everything the drawing code does. Is there something in resizeGL() that needs to be in paintGL() also? Have I misunderstood how QOpenGLWidget is supposed to work? Should I be using the provided QOpenGLFunctions rather than PyOpenGL?
import numpy as np
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets
from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GL import shaders
from OpenGL.arrays import vbo
class GLWidget(QtWidgets.QOpenGLWidget):
VERTEX_SHADER = """
#extension GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location : enable
attribute vec4 in_position;
attribute vec2 in_tex_coord;
varying vec2 vs_tex_coord;
void main(void){
gl_Position = in_position;
vs_tex_coord = in_tex_coord;
}"""
FRAGMENT_SHADER = """
uniform sampler2D tex;
varying vec2 vs_tex_coord;
void main(void){
gl_FragColor = texture2D(tex, vs_tex_coord);
}"""
vbov = vbo.VBO(np.array([[-1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
[1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0],
[1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
[-1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0]], 'f'))
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(GLWidget, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.timer = QtCore.QTimer()
self.timer.timeout.connect(self.update)
def initializeGL(self):
glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 0)
vs = shaders.compileShader(self.VERTEX_SHADER, GL_VERTEX_SHADER)
fs = shaders.compileShader(self.FRAGMENT_SHADER, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER)
self.shader = shaders.compileProgram(vs, fs)
self.position = glGetAttribLocation(self.shader, 'in_position')
self.tex_coord = glGetAttribLocation(self.shader, 'in_tex_coord')
self.timer.start(250)
def paintGL(self):
print 'paintGL'
w, h, = 16, 16
img = np.uint8(np.random.rand(w, h)*255)
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
shaders.glUseProgram(self.shader)
try:
self.vbov.bind()
try:
tex = glGenTextures(1)
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT)
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT)
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST)
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST)
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 3, w, h, 0, GL_LUMINANCE, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, img)
tex_uloc = glGetUniformLocation(self.shader, "tex")
glUniform1i(tex_uloc, 1)
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0)
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex)
glEnableVertexAttribArray(self.position)
glEnableVertexAttribArray(self.tex_coord)
stride = 6 * 4
glVertexAttribPointer(self.position, 4, GL_FLOAT, False, stride, self.vbov)
glVertexAttribPointer(self.tex_coord, 2, GL_FLOAT, False, stride, self.vbov + 16)
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, 4)
finally:
self.vbov.unbind()
glDisableVertexAttribArray(self.position)
glDisableVertexAttribArray(self.tex_coord)
finally:
shaders.glUseProgram(0)
def resizeGL(self, width, height):
glViewport(0, 0, width, height)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity()
glOrtho(0.0, width, 0.0, height, -1.0, 1.0)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glLoadIdentity()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QtWidgets.QApplication([])
win = GLWidget()
win.show()
app.exec_()
推荐答案
尝试:
id = self.startTimer(time_intervel) in __init__()
然后，实现timerEvent，
then, implement timerEvent,
def timerEvent(self, event):
self.update()
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