kvm-PLE代码分析

相关数据结构

#define KVM_DEFAULT_PLE_GAP		128 // ple_gap
#define KVM_VMX_DEFAULT_PLE_WINDOW	4096 //ple_window
// ple_window的增大系数，每次调用grow_ple_window时，ple_window增大2倍
#define KVM_DEFAULT_PLE_WINDOW_GROW	2
// ple_window的缩小系数
#define KVM_DEFAULT_PLE_WINDOW_SHRINK	0
// ple_window最大不能超过这么大，该值在32bit和64bit机器上取值不同
#define KVM_VMX_DEFAULT_PLE_WINDOW_MAX	UINT_MAX

// ple_window和ple_gap的初始化，前提是该vcpu没有禁用ple
if (!kvm_pause_in_guest(vmx->vcpu.kvm)) {
		vmcs_write32(PLE_GAP, ple_gap);
		vmx->ple_window = ple_window;
		vmx->ple_window_dirty = true;
	}

PAUSE Exit的处理

Intel的cpu上，使用的VMM为kvm时，当guest的vcpu变为

分析2：

kvm development mail list中对kvm_pause_in_guest()返回的arch.pause_in_guest的说明是："Allow to disable pause loop exit/pause filtering on a per VM basis. If some VMs have dedicated host CPUs, they won't be negatively affected due to needlessly intercepted PAUSE instructions."， 大意为，允许在特定guest上禁用PLE(intel)/PF(amd). 如果有些guest拥有绑定的host cpu，则不会由于不必要地拦截PAUSE指令而对它们产生负面影响。

什么意思呢？假设有guestA和guestB，guestA有2个固定vcpu，绑定在host的cpu0，cpu1上，guestB有2个vcpu，不固定host cpu。

当在guestB上的vcpu0上发生spin-loop时，需要vcpu1上的lock，但是vcpu1由于调度原因去做其他事情了，该lock无法处理，guestB只能拦截PAUSE指令，exit到host.

当在guestA上的vcpu0上发生spin-loop时，需要vcpu1上的lock，因为vcpu1固定属于guestA，不会被调度去做其他事情，相比与guestB，lock的平均解锁时间肯定小于guestB，所以就没必要exit到host，spin-wait就行.

结论

综上所述，kvm_pause_in_guest()返回的是该guest是否禁用了PLE，如果禁用了就返回true，否则false.

该结论的代码支持：

// arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
int kvm_vm_ioctl_enable_cap(struct kvm *kvm,
			    struct kvm_enable_cap *cap)
{
	...


	case KVM_CAP_X86_DISABLE_EXITS:
	...
	if (cap->args[0] & KVM_X86_DISABLE_EXITS_PAUSE)  // 如果禁用该vm中的pause exit
			kvm->arch.pause_in_guest = true;  // 该bool值就为true
	...
}

kvm_vcpu_on_spin()

首先查找了mail list中该函数的相关内容，发现了KVM: introduce kvm_vcpu_on_spin，"Introduce kvm_vcpu_on_spin, to be used by VMX/SVM to yield processing once the cpu detects pause-based looping.",直接说明了kvm_vcpu_on_spin()函数的用意，"一旦cpu检测到pause-loop，就会进行相关操作。"

该函数主要将当前vcpu中的剩余spin-loop的剩余任务切换到新的vcpu中执行

// virt/kvm/kvm_main.c
void kvm_vcpu_on_spin(struct kvm_vcpu *me, bool yield_to_kernel_mode)
{

...
	// 将刚刚pause vmexit的vcpu设置为in-spin-loop状态
	kvm_vcpu_set_in_spin_loop(me, true);

    // 将当前未运行，但状态为可运行的vcpu的优先级提高，因为这样的vcpu之前被抢占了，
    // 被抢占之后又在__vcpu_run()中运行了调度函数，所以我们要提高它的优先级。
    // 希望这些vcpu中包含我们需要的锁，从最后一个被提升优先级的vcpu开始循环试图切换
    for (pass = 0; pass < 2 && !yielded && try; pass++) {
        ....
    }

	// 将当前vcpu设置为非spin-loop状态
	kvm_vcpu_set_in_spin_loop(me, false);

    // 确保当前vcpu在下一次spin-loop时不被选为exit的vcpu
    // 因为只有大家轮流执行spin-loop，性能才能平均且 高
    kvm_vcpu_set_dy_eligible(me, false);
}

kvm_skip_emulated_instruction()

该函数主要获取当前vcpu的RFLAGS寄存器内容，赋值给当前guest的相应数据结构。同时检查是否需要产生单步中断.

使Guest的RIP跳过一个指令.

// arch/x86/kvm/x86.c

int kvm_skip_emulated_instruction(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
{
	unsigned long rflags = kvm_x86_ops->get_rflags(vcpu);
	int r = EMULATE_DONE;

    // 更新rip值，确保guest interruptibiliy state的最后2bit为0，即STI和MOV SS为0，即不接收中断
	kvm_x86_ops->skip_emulated_instruction(vcpu);

	/*
	 * rflags is the old, "raw" value of the flags.  The new value has
	 * not been saved yet.
	 *
	 * This is correct even for TF set by the guest, because "the
	 * processor will not generate this exception after the instruction
	 * that sets the TF flag".
	 */
	if (unlikely(rflags & X86_EFLAGS_TF)) //如果guest处于debug状态，就会产生单步中断，那么就会将r置为1
		kvm_vcpu_do_singlestep(vcpu, &r);
	return r == EMULATE_DONE; // 如果产生单步中断，则需要exit到VMM中处理
}


static void skip_emulated_instruction(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
{
    // 获取RIP寄存器应该跳跃的值，然后将新的RIP值更新到之前vmexit的vcpu寄存器中
	unsigned long rip;

	rip = kvm_rip_read(vcpu);
	rip += vmcs_read32(VM_EXIT_INSTRUCTION_LEN);
	kvm_rip_write(vcpu, rip);

	/* skipping an emulated instruction also counts */
	vmx_set_interrupt_shadow(vcpu, 0);
}

	/*   该函数的本意为：
      * 如果在vmexit期间，该vm的GUEST_INTERRUPTIBILITY_INFO发生变化，那么就将变化写入vmcs.
      * 但在以上skip_emulated_instruction()中，调用了vmx_set_interrupt_shadow(vcpu, 0); mask为0时，
      * vmx_set_interrupt_shadow的只是在确定GUEST_INTERRUPTIBILITY_INFO的最后2bit，
      * 即GUEST_INTR_STATE_STI和GUEST_INTR_STATE_MOV_SS是否一直为0，而这2个bit为调试使用的状态
      */
void vmx_set_interrupt_shadow(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int mask)
{
	u32 interruptibility_old = vmcs_read32(GUEST_INTERRUPTIBILITY_INFO);
	u32 interruptibility = interruptibility_old;

	interruptibility &= ~(GUEST_INTR_STATE_STI | GUEST_INTR_STATE_MOV_SS);

	if (mask & KVM_X86_SHADOW_INT_MOV_SS)
		interruptibility |= GUEST_INTR_STATE_MOV_SS;
	else if (mask & KVM_X86_SHADOW_INT_STI)
		interruptibility |= GUEST_INTR_STATE_STI;

	if ((interruptibility != interruptibility_old))
		vmcs_write32(GUEST_INTERRUPTIBILITY_INFO, interruptibility);
}

/* 单步中断的赋值操作 */
static void kvm_vcpu_do_singlestep(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int *r)
{
	struct kvm_run *kvm_run = vcpu->run;

	if (vcpu->guest_debug & KVM_GUESTDBG_SINGLESTEP) {
		kvm_run->debug.arch.dr6 = DR6_BS | DR6_FIXED_1 | DR6_RTM;
		kvm_run->debug.arch.pc = vcpu->arch.singlestep_rip;
		kvm_run->debug.arch.exception = DB_VECTOR;
		kvm_run->exit_reason = KVM_EXIT_DEBUG;
		*r = EMULATE_USER_EXIT;
	} else {
		kvm_queue_exception_p(vcpu, DB_VECTOR, DR6_BS);
	}
}