DRF序列化器可读-可写的非模型字段

问题描述

在使用Django/DRF的项目中；我具有以下模型结构:

On a project with Django / DRF; I have the following model structure:

class City(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)

class Company(models.Model):
    city = models.ForeignKey(City)
    .
    .

以及以下用于公司模型的序列化器结构:

And following serializer structure for Company model:

class CompanySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    city_name = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
    .
    .

    class Meta:
        model = Company
        fields = ('city_name',)

    def create(self, validated_data):

        # Get city
        city_name = validated_data.pop('city_name')
        try:
            city = City.objects.get(name__iexact=city_name)
        except City.DoesNotExist:
            city = City.objects.create(name=city_name.title())

        company = Company.objects.create(city=city, **validated_data)

        return company

在通过序列化程序创建公司时，用户提供了city_name，如果不存在，我将使用该名称创建一个新城市，或者如果存在，则使用现有条目.在这种结构中，我希望能够在返回公司的同时返回city_name字段.它不是模型上的字段，因此我可以正常使用SerializerMethodField，但我也希望该字段也可写.我在这里有什么选择吗?

While creating a company through the serializer, user provides a city_name, I create a new city with that name if not exists or use an existing entry if exists. In this structure, I want to be able to return city_name field while returning companies. It is not a field on the model, so I could use SerializerMethodField normally, but I also want this field to be writable as well. Do I have any options here?

推荐答案

我认为，您的解决方案很容易添加源并删除 write_only :

i think, your solution is simple to add source and remove write_only:

city_name = serializers.CharField(source='city.name')

更改为该方法后，您可以按以下方法在创建或更新方法中获取城市名称:

After changing to this approach, you can get city name in create or update methods as follows:

city_data = validated_data.pop('city')
city_name = city_data.get('name')

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