问题描述
我见过C结构之前声明几种不同的方式。这是为什么,什么,如果有的话,请问各做不同?
例如:
结构foo的{
短;
INT B:
浮℃;
};typedef结构{
短D组;
INTê;
浮F;
}栏;typedef结构_baz {
短;
INT B:
浮℃;
}巴兹;INT主(INT ARGC,字符常量*的argv [])
{
结构foo的;
杆B;
巴兹℃; 返回0;
}
好吧,明显的区别是体现在你的主
:
结构foo的;
杆B;
巴兹℃;
第一个声明是联合国 - 的typedef
ED 结构
,需要在结构
关键字使用。第二个是一个的typedef
ED匿名结构
,所以我们使用的typedef
名称。第三个结合了第一和第二:你的例子使用巴兹
(这是方便短),但可以很容易地使用结构_baz
达到同样的效果。
更新:larsmans'答案提到,你必须至少使用 A更常见的情形结构X {}
来使一个链表。第二种情况是不可能在这里(除非你放弃理智,并使用无效*
代替),因为结构
是匿名的,而的typedef
不会发生,直到结构
的定义,让你没有办法让一个(类型安全的)指针结构
类型本身。第一个版本用于该用途的工作正常,但第三个一般为$以我的经验pferred p $。给他一些代表为。
一个更微妙的区别是在命名空间中的位置。在C,结构
标签被放置在一个单独的命名空间与其他的名字,但的typedef
的名字都没有。所以下面是合法的:
结构试验{
//内容
};结构测试*测试(){
//内容
}
但下面的不是,因为这将是暧昧什么名字测试
是:
typedef结构{
//内容
}测试;测试*测试(){
//内容
}
的typedef
使得短名称(总是一个加号),但将其放在同一个名字空间的变量和函数。通常这不是一个问题,但它超越了简单的缩短一个微妙的差异。
I've seen C structs declared several different ways before. Why is that and what, if anything, does each do different?
For example:
struct foo {
short a;
int b;
float c;
};
typedef struct {
short d;
int e;
float f;
} bar;
typedef struct _baz {
short a;
int b;
float c;
} baz;
int main (int argc, char const *argv[])
{
struct foo a;
bar b;
baz c;
return 0;
}
Well, the obvious difference is demonstrated in your main
:
struct foo a;
bar b;
baz c;
The first declaration is of an un-typedef
ed struct
and needs the struct
keyword to use. The second is of a typedef
ed anonymous struct
, and so we use the typedef
name. The third combines both the first and the second: your example uses baz
(which is conveniently short) but could just as easily use struct _baz
to the same effect.
Update: larsmans' answer mentions a more common case where you have to use at least struct x { }
to make a linked list. The second case wouldn't be possible here (unless you abandon sanity and use a void *
instead) because the struct
is anonymous, and the typedef
doesn't happen until the struct
is defined, giving you no way to make a (type-safe) pointer to the struct
type itself. The first version works fine for this use, but the third is generally preferred in my experience. Give him some rep for that.
A more subtle difference is in namespace placement. In C, struct
tags are placed in a separate namespace from other names, but typedef
names aren't. So the following is legal:
struct test {
// contents
};
struct test *test() {
// contents
}
But the following is not, because it would be ambiguous what the name test
is:
typedef struct {
// contents
} test;
test *test() {
// contents
}
typedef
makes the name shorter (always a plus), but it puts it in the same namespace as your variables and functions. Usually this isn't an issue, but it is a subtle difference beyond the simple shortening.
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