问题描述
如何诊断并解决这个问题？
＃gem install nokogiri
构建原生扩展。这可能需要一段时间...
错误：安装nokogiri时出错：
错误：无法构建gem本机扩展。
...
/opt/ruby/1.9.3-p194/bin/ruby extconf.rb
检查libxml / parser.h ... *** extconf.rb失败* **
由于某些原因无法创建Makefile，可能缺少
必需的库和/或标题。查看mkmf.log文件以获取更多
的详细信息。您可能需要配置选项。
...
/opt/ruby/1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:381:in`try_do'：
编译器无法生成一个可执行文件。 （RuntimeError）
您必须先安装开发工具。
from /opt/ruby/1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:506:in`try_cpp'
...
$
$ b 例如：
为了找出失败的内容，请转到您的ruby gems目录。
pre> $ cd< MY RUBY DIRECTORY> /lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems
如果您不知道您的gem目录，请尝试以下操作：
$ echo $ GEM_HOME
/opt/gems/2.0.0
$ cd /opt/gems/2.0.0/gems
我正在安装什么版本的nokogiri？
$ ls -ladg nokogiri- *
nokogiri-1.5.5
转到安装目录：
$ cd nokogiri-1.5.5 / ext / nokogiri
尝试手动安装：
$ ruby extconf.rb
结果：
检查libxml / parser.h ... *** extconf.rb失败***
...
我使用的是Ubuntu，因此我搜索了任何类似的包：
$ aptitude search libxml
结果：
p libxml2 - GNOME XML库
p libxml2-dev - GNOME XML库的开发文件
...
我相信libxml2会正常工作。
$ apt-get install libxml2
Ruby本地宝石通常需要* -dev包头文件安装它们：
$ apt-get install libxml2-dev
现在有解析器文件吗？
$ find / | grep libxml / parser.h
是的，结果显示解析器：
/usr/include/libxml2/libxml/parser.h
现在尝试再次安装，这次提供libxml2路径：
$ b $ pre $ $ $ $ $ gem install nokogiri - --with-xml2-dir = / usr / include / libxml2
它仍然失败，所以请阅读mkmf错误日志：
$ more mkmf.log
错误日志显示失败的结果，并且这些行看起来很有希望：
没有找到libxslt的软件包配置
是否有包装？
$ aptitude search libxslt
结果：
v libxslt-dev
i libxslt-ruby
...
code> 安装开发包：
$ apt-get install libxslt-dev
现在尝试再次安装，并将xslt放在路径上：
$ gem install nokogiri - \
--with-xml2-dir = / usr / include / libxml2 \
--with-xslt-dir = / usr / include / libxslt
成功！
I'm installing the Ruby Nokogiri gem and finding the error below.
How to diagnose this and solve it?
# gem install nokogiri
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing nokogiri:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
...
/opt/ruby/1.9.3-p194/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for libxml/parser.h... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more
details. You may need configuration options.
...
/opt/ruby/1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:381:in `try_do':
The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
from /opt/ruby/1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:506:in `try_cpp'
...
To diagnose and solve, here's what worked for me.
To find out what failed, go to your ruby gems directory.
For example:
$ cd <MY RUBY DIRECTORY>/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems
If you don't know your gem directory, try this:
$ echo $GEM_HOME
/opt/gems/2.0.0
$ cd /opt/gems/2.0.0/gems
What version of nokogiri am I installing?
$ ls -ladg nokogiri-*
nokogiri-1.5.5
Go to the installer directory:
$ cd nokogiri-1.5.5/ext/nokogiri
Try installing manually:
$ ruby extconf.rb
Result:
checking for libxml/parser.h... *** extconf.rb failed ***
...
I'm using Ubuntu so I search for any similar packages:
$ aptitude search libxml
Results:
p libxml2 - GNOME XML library
p libxml2-dev - Development files for the GNOME XML library
...
I believe that libxml2 will work fine.
$ apt-get install libxml2
Ruby native gems often need the *-dev packages for headers so install them:
$ apt-get install libxml2-dev
Now do I have the parser file?
$ find / | grep libxml/parser.h
Yes, the result shows the parser:
/usr/include/libxml2/libxml/parser.h
Now try installing again, this time providing the libxml2 path:
$ gem install nokogiri -- --with-xml2-dir=/usr/include/libxml2
It still fails, so read the mkmf error log:
$ more mkmf.log
The error log shows what failed and has these lines that look promising:
package configuration for libxslt is not found
Is there a package for it?
$ aptitude search libxslt
Results:
v libxslt-dev
i libxslt-ruby
...
Install the dev package:
$ apt-get install libxslt-dev
Now try installing again, and also put xslt on the path:
$ gem install nokogiri -- \
--with-xml2-dir=/usr/include/libxml2 \
--with-xslt-dir=/usr/include/libxslt
Success!
这篇关于如何使用mkmf.log安装Nokogiri Ruby gem，并说libiconv未找到？的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持！