问题描述
我有这样的代码:
import Data.List
newList_bad lst = foldl'( \acc x - > acc ++ [x * 2])[] lst
newList_good lst = foldl'(\acc x - > x * 2:acc)[] lst
这些函数返回每个元素乘以2的列表:
*主> newList_bad [1..10]
[2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20]
* Main> newList_good [1..10]
[20,18,16,14,12,10,8,6,4,2]
在ghci中:
* Main> sum $ newList_bad [1..15000]
225015000
(5.24秒,4767099960字节)
* Main> sum $ newList_good [1..15000]
225015000
(0.03秒,3190716字节)
为什么 newList_bad
函数的工作速度比 newList_good
慢200倍?我明白这不是一个好的解决方案。但为什么这个无辜的代码工作如此缓慢?
这是什么4767099960字节?对于那个简单的操作,Haskell使用了4个GiB?
编译后:
C:\ 1> ghc -O - 生成test.hs
C:\ 1> test.exe
225015000
总计时间(newList_bad [1..15000 ])为4.445889s
225015000
总计时间(newList_good [1..15000])为0.0025005s
经典列表行为。
回想一下: 所以你要创建一个O(n ^ 2)算法,而不是O(n)。\\ b 对于增量追加到列表的这种常见情况,请尝试使用,或者在最后反转。 I have this code: These functions return lists with each element multiplied by 2: In ghci: Why What is this "4767099960 bytes"?? For that simple an operation Haskell used 4 GiB?? After compilation: Classic list behavior. Recall: So you are creating an O(n^2) algo, instead of an O(n) one. For this common case of appending to lists incrementally, try using a dlist, or just reverse at the end. 这篇关于(++)Haskell foldl'表现不佳的文章就介绍到这了,希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持!
$ b $ (1)复杂性
(++) - O(n)复杂性
/ pre>
$ b import Data.List
newList_bad lst = foldl' (\acc x -> acc ++ [x*2]) [] lst
newList_good lst = foldl' (\acc x -> x*2 : acc) [] lst
*Main> newList_bad [1..10]
[2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20]
*Main> newList_good [1..10]
[20,18,16,14,12,10,8,6,4,2]
*Main> sum $ newList_bad [1..15000]
225015000
(5.24 secs, 4767099960 bytes)
*Main> sum $ newList_good [1..15000]
225015000
(0.03 secs, 3190716 bytes)
newList_bad
function works 200 times slower than newList_good
? I understand that it's not a good solution for that task. But why this innocent code works so slow?C:\1>ghc -O --make test.hs
C:\1>test.exe
225015000
Time for sum (newList_bad [1..15000]) is 4.445889s
225015000
Time for sum (newList_good [1..15000]) is 0.0025005s
(:) -- O(1) complexity
(++) -- O(n) complexity