问题描述
我使用SQLalchemy作为一个Python项目，我想有一个整洁的连接字符串来访问我的数据库。例如：
I'm using SQLalchemy for a Python project, and I want to have a tidy connection string to access my database. So for example:
engine = create_engine('postgres://user:pass@host/database')
问题是我的密码包含一系列特殊字符，当我尝试连接时，会解释为分隔符。
The problem is my password contains a sequence of special characters that get interpreted as delimiters when I try to connect.
我意识到我可以创建一个对象，然后传递我的凭据：
I realize I could just create an object and then pass my credentials like this:
drivername = 'postgres',
username = 'user',
password = 'pass',
host = 'host',
database = 'database'
但我更愿意使用连接字符串。
But I'd much rather use a connection string if this is possible.
所以要清楚，是否可以编码我的连接字符串或连接字符串的密码部分，以便它可以正确解析？
So to be clear, is it possible to encode my connection string, or the password part of the connection string - so that it can be properly parsed?
推荐答案
反斜杠不是URL组件字符串的有效转义字符。您需要对连接字符串的密码部分进行URL编码：
Backslashes aren't valid escape characters for URL component strings. You need to URL-encode the password portion of the connect string:
from urllib import quote_plus as urlquote
from sqlalchemy.engine import create_engine
engine = create_engine('postgres://user:%s@host/database' % urlquote('badpass'))
如果你看一下在SQLAlchemy中使用的类的实现来表示数据库连接URL（在 sqlalchemy / engine / url.py ），您可以看到，当将URL实例转换为字符串时，它们使用相同的方法来转义密码，并且解析代码使用互补的 urllib.unquote_plus 函数从连接字符串中提取密码。
If you look at the implementation of the class used in SQLAlchemy to represent database connection URLs (in sqlalchemy/engine/url.py), you can see that they use the same method to escape passwords when converting the URL instances into strings, and that the parsing code uses the complementary urllib.unquote_plus function to extract the password from a connection string.
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