Python 最安全的从数据库中存储和检索密码的方法

问题描述

希望将用户名和密码存储在数据库中，我想知道最安全的方法是什么.我知道我必须在某处使用盐，但不确定如何安全地生成它或如何应用它来加密密码.一些示例 Python 代码将不胜感激.谢谢.

Looking to store usernames and passwords in a database, and am wondering what the safest way to do so is. I know I have to use a salt somewhere, but am not sure how to generate it securely or how to apply it to encrypt the password. Some sample Python code would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.

推荐答案

将密码+盐存储为散列和盐.看看 Django 是如何做到的:basic docs 和 来源.在数据库中，它们将 $$ 存储在单个字符字段中.您也可以将这三个部分存储在不同的字段中.

Store the password+salt as a hash and the salt. Take a look at how Django does it: basic docs and source.In the db they store <type of hash>$<salt>$<hash> in a single char field. You can also store the three parts in separate fields.

设置密码功能:

def set_password(self, raw_password):
    import random
    algo = 'sha1'
    salt = get_hexdigest(algo, str(random.random()), str(random.random()))[:5]
    hsh = get_hexdigest(algo, salt, raw_password)
    self.password = '%s$%s$%s' % (algo, salt, hsh)

get_hexdigest 只是一些散列算法的薄包装.您可以为此使用 hashlib.类似于 hashlib.sha1('%s%s' % (salt, hash)).hexdigest()

The get_hexdigest is just a thin wrapper around some hashing algorithms. You can use hashlib for that. Something like hashlib.sha1('%s%s' % (salt, hash)).hexdigest()

以及检查密码的功能:

def check_password(raw_password, enc_password):
    """
    Returns a boolean of whether the raw_password was correct. Handles
    encryption formats behind the scenes.
    """
    algo, salt, hsh = enc_password.split('$')
    return hsh == get_hexdigest(algo, salt, raw_password)

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