Python:从文件中读取多行并将实例存储在字典中

问题描述

然后我想将所有对象存储在名称为键的字典中.

Then I want to store all the objects in a dictionary with the name as keys.

**** Ingredients.txt ****
Name1
ingredient1/ingredient2/ingredient3

Name2
ingredient1/ingredient2

Name3
...

class Foodset(object):
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
        self.ingredients = set([])

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.name) + ' consits of: ' + ", ".join(str(e) for e in self.ingredients) + '.'

    def setIngredients(self, list):
        for i in list:
            self.ingredients.add(i)

def getMenu(file="ingredients.txt"):
    with open(file, 'r') as indata:
        menu = dict()
        for line in indata:
            tempString = str(line.rstrip('\n'))
            menu[tempString] = Foodset(tempString)

我想阅读下一行并将其存储为配料，然后跳过第三行，因为它是空白.然后重复.

I want to read the next line and store as ingredients and then skip the third line since it's blank. Then repeat.

for循环遇到的问题是，我不能在同一循环中存储两条不同的线，然后再引用同一对象才能使用setIngredients()方法.我还可以通过哪些其他方式读取每个循环中的多行内容?

The problem I'm having with the for loop is that I can't store two different lines in the same loop and then refer to the same object in order to use the setIngredients() method. What other ways can I read multiple lines inside each loop?

@Arpan提出了一种快速解决方案，可以使用indata.readlines()列出每行并以3的步长循环，同时存储第一个和第二个值，并跳过第三个值.

@Arpan came up with a quick solution to use indata.readlines() to make a list of every line and loop with steps of 3 while storing first and second value and skipping the third.

我刚刚在while循环内使用 readline()方法3次提出了另一种解决方案.我本来想要使用readline().

I just came up with an other solution using the readline() method 3 times inside a while loop. Using readline() is what I originally wanted.

def getMenu(menu="ingredients.txt"):
    with open(menu, "r") as indata:
        menu = dict()
        while True:
            name = indata.readline().strip('\n')
            ingredientList = indata.readline().strip().split('/')
            if name == "":
                break
# here I just added a parameter that directly set the attribute "ingredients" inside the object.
            menu[name] = Foodset(name, ingredientList)
            indata.readline()
    return menu

推荐答案

尝试类似的方法.

with open(file, 'r') as indata:
    lines = indata.readlines()
menu = dict()
for i in xrange(0, len(lines), 3):
    name = lines[i].rstrip('\n')
    ingredients = lines[i+1].rstrip('\n').split('/')
    f = Foodset(name)
    f.setIngredients(ingredients)
    menu[name] = f

对于python 3.x，请使用 range 而不是 xrange .

For python 3.x use range instead of xrange.

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