为什么猛砸一直在这里扩大字符串时，添加一个新行？

问题描述

看了巴什（摘自该名男子页）此功能的以下说明：

I expected that the interpretation of here strings is that Bash simply passes the contents of a variable directly on a command's standard input, unmodified. Following this logic, the lines [1] and [2] below would be effectively equivalent.

[1]~$ printf foo | cat - <(echo end)
fooend
[2]~$ cat - <(echo end) <<<foo
foo
end

However, Bash added a newline when "expanding" a string, something I didn't anticipate. This happens even when a variable ends with newline itself:

[3]~$ printf "foo\n" | cat - <(echo end)
foo
end
[4]~$ cat - <(echo end) <<<foo$'\n'
foo

end

Tested in 4.2.25 and 4.3.30.

So my question is: is this behavior specified anywhere in Bash docs? Can I depend on it in scripts?

解决方案

Not definitive, but I believe a here string is intended to be equivalent to a single-line here document, so that

cat <<< foo

and

cat <<EOF
foo
EOF

are equivalent. Since a here document always ends with a newline, so should the here string.

---

Consider this simple use case for a here string:

IFS=: read foo bar <<< "a:b"
# foo=a
# bar=b

If a newline weren't provided by the here string, the exit status of read would be 1. (See with printf "foo" | { read; echo $?; } vs printf "foo\n" | { read; echo $?; }.)

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