python3子进程pip"ImportError:无法导入名称main"在终端

问题描述

我创建了一个脚本(请参阅下文)以升级我的所有pip包.我通过idle3成功执行了脚本，即使用idle3打开脚本并按F5将脚本作为模块运行.但是，我无法在终端中执行它；出现以下错误. 如何克服此错误?为什么在终端中发生导入错误，而在idle3中却没有发生导入错误?

I created a script (see below) to upgrade all my pip packages. I successfully executed my script via idle3, i.e. open the script using idle3 and pressing F5 to run the script as a module. However, I am not able to execute it in the terminal; got the below error. How do I overcome this error? Why does the import error happen in terminal but not in idle3?

$ python3 -m upgrade_pip_packages
====================================================
UPGRADING ALL --USER PIP PACKAGES TO LATEST VERSION:
====================================================
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/pip", line 9, in <module>
    from pip import main
ImportError: cannot import name main
ERROR: Command 'pip list' returned non-zero exit status 1

我的脚本: upgrade_pip_packages.py

#!/bin/python3
import subprocess
from pprint import pprint


def get_pkgs():
    try:
        cmd = 'pip list'
        completed = subprocess.run( cmd, shell=True, check=True,
                                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE )
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as err:
        print( 'ERROR:', err )
    else:
        for line in completed.stdout.decode('utf-8').splitlines()[2:]:
            yield line


def update_pkgs(piplist):
    npackages = 0
    nupgrades = 0
    nerrors = 0
    upgradelist = []
    errorlist = []
    for i in piplist:
        npackages += 1
        pkgname, ver = i.split()
        print('\n',pkgname)
        try:
            cmd = 'pip install --user {} --upgrade'.format(pkgname)
            completed = subprocess.run( cmd, shell=True, check=True,
                                        stdout=subprocess.PIPE )
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as err:
            nerrors += 1
            errorlist.append(pkgname)
            print( 'ERROR: {}'.format(err) )
        else:
            for line in completed.stdout.decode('utf-8').splitlines():
                print(line)
                if 'Successfully installed' in line:
                    nupgrades +=1
                    upgradelist.append(pkgname)
    return npackages, nupgrades, nerrors, upgradelist, errorlist


def main():
    print('====================================================')
    print('UPGRADING ALL --USER PIP PACKAGES TO LATEST VERSION:')
    print('====================================================')
    pip_pkgs = get_pkgs() # created a generator
    npackages, nupgrades, nerrors, upgradelist, errorlist \
               = update_pkgs(pip_pkgs)
    print('\nNo. of --user pip packages = {}'.format(npackages))
    print('No. of upgrades            = {}'.format(nupgrades))
    print('No. of upgrade errors      = {}'.format(nerrors))
    if upgradelist:
        print('Package(s) upgraded:')
        pprint(upgradelist)
    if errorlist:
        print('Package(s) with upgrade error:')
        pprint(errorlist)
    print()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

推荐答案

最终 upgrade_pip_packages.py .

我找到了我的问题的答案.本质上，我的脚本必须:

I found the answer to my question. Essentially, my script had to:

import sys

并进行以下修改:

cmd = [sys.executable, '-m', 'pip', 'list'] #Change here
completed = subprocess.run( cmd,
                            #shell=True, #switch this off
                            check=True,
                            stdout=subprocess.PIPE )

和

cmd = [sys.executable, '-m', 'pip', 'install', '--user', pkgname, '--upgrade'] #Change here
completed = subprocess.run( cmd,
                            #shell=True, #switch this off
                            check=True,
                            stdout=subprocess.PIPE )

PyPA文档说明:

$ pip --version
pip 18.1 from ~/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip (python 3.5)
$ pip3 --version
pip 18.1 from ~/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip (python 3.5)

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