MNIST数据集介绍

MNIST数据集中包含了各种各样的手写数字图片,数据集的官网是:http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/index.html,我们可以从这里下载数据集。使用如下的代码对数据集进行加载:

from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data

mnist = input_data.read_data_sets('MNIST_data', one_hot=True)

运行上述代码会自动下载数据集并将文件解压在MNIST_data文件夹下面。代码中的one_hot=True,表示将样本的标签转化为one_hot编码。

MNIST数据集中的图片是28*28的,每张图被转化为一个行向量,长度是28*28=784,每一个值代表一个像素点。数据集中共有60000张手写数据图片,其中55000张训练数据,5000张测试数据。

在MNIST中,mnist.train.images是一个形状为[55000, 784]的张量,其中的第一个维度是用来索引图片,第二个维度图片中的像素。MNIST数据集包含有三部分,训练数据集,验证数据集,测试数据集(mnist.validation)。

标签是介于0-9之间的数字,用于描述图片中的数字,转化为one-hot向量即表示的数字对应的下标为1,其余的值为0。标签的训练数据是[55000,10]的数字矩阵。

下面定义了一个简单的网络对数据集进行训练,代码如下:

import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

mnist = input_data.read_data_sets('MNIST_data', one_hot=True)

tf.reset_default_graph()

x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 784])
y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 10])

w = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([784, 10]))
b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([10]))

pred = tf.matmul(x, w) + b
pred = tf.nn.softmax(pred)

cost = tf.reduce_mean(-tf.reduce_sum(y * tf.log(pred), reduction_indices=1))

learning_rate = 0.01

optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(learning_rate).minimize(cost)

training_epochs = 25
batch_size = 100

display_step = 1

save_path = 'model/'

saver = tf.train.Saver()

with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())

    for epoch in range(training_epochs):
        avg_cost = 0
        total_batch = int(mnist.train.num_examples/batch_size)
        for i in range(total_batch):
            batch_xs, batch_ys = mnist.train.next_batch(batch_size)
            _, c = sess.run([optimizer, cost], feed_dict={x:batch_xs, y:batch_ys})
            avg_cost += c / total_batch

        if (epoch + 1) % display_step == 0:
            print('epoch= ', epoch+1, ' cost= ', avg_cost)
    print('finished')

    correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(pred, 1), tf.argmax(y, 1))
    accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32))
    print('accuracy: ', accuracy.eval({x:mnist.test.images, y:mnist.test.labels}))

    save = saver.save(sess, save_path=save_path+'mnist.cpkt')

print(" starting 2nd session ...... ")

with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
    saver.restore(sess, save_path=save_path+'mnist.cpkt')

    correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(pred, 1), tf.argmax(y, 1))
    accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32))
    print('accuracy: ', accuracy.eval({x: mnist.test.images, y: mnist.test.labels}))

    output = tf.argmax(pred, 1)
    batch_xs, batch_ys = mnist.test.next_batch(2)
    outputval= sess.run([output], feed_dict={x:batch_xs, y:batch_ys})
    print(outputval)

    im = batch_xs[0]
    im = im.reshape(-1, 28)

    plt.imshow(im, cmap='gray')
    plt.show()

    im = batch_xs[1]
    im = im.reshape(-1, 28)
    plt.imshow(im, cmap='gray')
    plt.show()
06-02 23:02