用 html 实体替换重音字符

问题描述

我正在尝试自动执行一系列查询，但是，我需要用相应的 html 实体替换带有重音符号的字符.它需要在 Python3 中

示例:

vèlit[需要成为]vèlit

问题是，每当我尝试执行 word.replace 时，它都找不到.

这个:

if u'è' 在句子中:打印(你找到 è')

工作并找到è"，但这样做:

word.replace('è','è')

什么都不做.

解决方案

您可以使用 str.translate 方法和 python 中的数据 html 包将字符转换为等效的 html 实体.

为此，str.translate 需要一个映射字符的字典(从技术上讲，字符的整数表示，或 序数) 到 html 实体.

html.entities.codepoint2name 包含所需的数据，但实体名称不受&"的限制和 ';'.您可以使用 dict comprehension 创建一个包含您需要的值的表.

创建表格后，以表格为参数调用字符串的 translate 方法，结果将是一个新字符串，其中任何与 html 实体等效的字符都将被转换.

>>>导入 html.entities>>>s = 'velit'>>># 创建翻译表>>>table = {k: '&{};'.format(v) for k, v in html.entities.codepoint2name.items()}>>>s.translate(表)'vèlit'>>>'Voilà'.translate(table)'Voilà'

请注意，带重音的拉丁字符可能由 unicode 代码点的组合表示:'è' 可以由单个代码点表示 - 带有 GRAVE 的拉丁小写字母 E - 或两个代码点 -拉丁文小写字母 E 后跟 组合严重重音.在后一种情况下(称为分解形式)，翻译将不会按预期工作.

为了解决这个问题，您可以使用 normalize 函数来自 unicodedata 模块在 Python 的标准库中.

>>>分解的'velit'>>>分解 == s错误的>>>len(decomposed) # 分解比组合长6>>>分解.translate(表)'velit'>>>组合 = unicodedata.normalize('NFC', 分解)>>>组成 == s真的>>>组合翻译(表)'vèlit'

I'm trying to automate a series of queries but, I need to replace characters with accents with the corresponding html entity.It needs to be in Python3

Example:

vèlit
[needs to become]
vèlit

The thing is, whenever I try to do a word.replace, it doesn't find it.

This:

if u'è' in sentence:
    print(u'Found è')

Works and finds "è", but doing:

word.replace('è','è')

Doesn't do anything.

解决方案

You can use the str.translate method and the data in python's html package to convert characters to the equivalent html entity.

To do this, str.translate needs a dictionary that maps characters (technically the character's integer representation, or ordinal) to html entities.

html.entities.codepoint2name contains the required data, but the entity names are not bounded by '&' and ';'. You can use a dict comprehension to create a table with the values you need.

Once the table has been created, call your string's translate method with the table as the argument and the result will be a new string in which any characters with an html entity equivalent will have been converted.

>>> import html.entities
>>> s = 'vèlit'

>>> # Create the translation table
>>> table = {k: '&{};'.format(v) for k, v in html.entities.codepoint2name.items()}

>>> s.translate(table)
'vèlit'

>>> 'Voilà'.translate(table)
'Voilà'

Be aware that accented latin characters may be represented by a combination of unicode code points: 'è' can be represented by the single code point - LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE - or two codepoints - LATIN SMALL LETTER E followed by COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT. In the latter case (known as the decomposed form), the translation will not work as expected.

To get around this, you can convert the two-codepoint decomposed form to the single codepoint composed form using the normalize function from the unicodedata module in Python's standard library.

>>> decomposed
'vèlit'
>>> decomposed == s
False
>>> len(decomposed)    # decomposed is longer than composed
6
>>> decomposed.translate(table)
'vèlit'
>>> composed = unicodedata.normalize('NFC', decomposed)
>>> composed == s
True
>>> composed.translate(table)
'vèlit'

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