本文介绍了用纯 ascii 字符替换重音字符的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！
问题描述
我需要将姓氏列表转换为字母数字用户名，但不幸的是，其中一些包含非 ascii 字符:
I need to turn a list of last names into alphanumeric usernames, however unfortunately some of them contain non-ascii characters:
Hernández
Quermançós
Migueláñez
现在的一种方法是使用正则表达式来删除任何非字母数字字符，例如 a.replace(/[^a-z0-9]/gi,'').然而，更直观的解决方案(至少对用户而言)是将重音字符替换为其普通"等价物，例如将á、á变成a、ç变成c等.在 javascript 中有一种简单的方法可以做到这一点吗?
Now one way would just to use a regex to remove any non-alpha numeric characters such as a.replace(/[^a-z0-9]/gi,''). However a more intuitive solution (at least for the user) would be to replace accented characters with their "plain" equivalent, e.g. turn á, á into a, and ç into c, etc. Is there an easy way to do this in javascript?
推荐答案
这种重音的正确术语是变音符号.谷歌搜索这个词后，我发现 这个函数是backbone.paginator的一部分.它有一个非常完整的变音符号集合，并用最直观的 ascii 字符替换它们.我发现这是当今可用的最完整的 Javascript 解决方案.
The correct terminology for such accents is Diacritics. After Googling this term, I found this function which is part of backbone.paginator. It has a very complete collection of Diacritics and replaces them with their most intuitive ascii character. I found this to be the most complete Javascript solution available today.
完整功能以供日后参考:
The full function for future reference:
function removeDiacritics (str) {
var defaultDiacriticsRemovalMap = [
{'base':'A', 'letters':/[u0041u24B6uFF21u00C0u00C1u00C2u1EA6u1EA4u1EAAu1EA8u00C3u0100u0102u1EB0u1EAEu1EB4u1EB2u0226u01E0u00C4u01DEu1EA2u00C5u01FAu01CDu0200u0202u1EA0u1EACu1EB6u1E00u0104u023Au2C6F]/g},
{'base':'AA','letters':/[uA732]/g},
{'base':'AE','letters':/[u00C6u01FCu01E2]/g},
{'base':'AO','letters':/[uA734]/g},
{'base':'AU','letters':/[uA736]/g},
{'base':'AV','letters':/[uA738uA73A]/g},
{'base':'AY','letters':/[uA73C]/g},
{'base':'B', 'letters':/[u0042u24B7uFF22u1E02u1E04u1E06u0243u0182u0181]/g},
{'base':'C', 'letters':/[u0043u24B8uFF23u0106u0108u010Au010Cu00C7u1E08u0187u023BuA73E]/g},
{'base':'D', 'letters':/[u0044u24B9uFF24u1E0Au010Eu1E0Cu1E10u1E12u1E0Eu0110u018Bu018Au0189uA779]/g},
{'base':'DZ','letters':/[u01F1u01C4]/g},
{'base':'Dz','letters':/[u01F2u01C5]/g},
{'base':'E', 'letters':/[u0045u24BAuFF25u00C8u00C9u00CAu1EC0u1EBEu1EC4u1EC2u1EBCu0112u1E14u1E16u0114u0116u00CBu1EBAu011Au0204u0206u1EB8u1EC6u0228u1E1Cu0118u1E18u1E1Au0190u018E]/g},
{'base':'F', 'letters':/[u0046u24BBuFF26u1E1Eu0191uA77B]/g},
{'base':'G', 'letters':/[u0047u24BCuFF27u01F4u011Cu1E20u011Eu0120u01E6u0122u01E4u0193uA7A0uA77DuA77E]/g},
{'base':'H', 'letters':/[u0048u24BDuFF28u0124u1E22u1E26u021Eu1E24u1E28u1E2Au0126u2C67u2C75uA78D]/g},
{'base':'I', 'letters':/[u0049u24BEuFF29u00CCu00CDu00CEu0128u012Au012Cu0130u00CFu1E2Eu1EC8u01CFu0208u020Au1ECAu012Eu1E2Cu0197]/g},
{'base':'J', 'letters':/[u004Au24BFuFF2Au0134u0248]/g},
{'base':'K', 'letters':/[u004Bu24C0uFF2Bu1E30u01E8u1E32u0136u1E34u0198u2C69uA740uA742uA744uA7A2]/g},
{'base':'L', 'letters':/[u004Cu24C1uFF2Cu013Fu0139u013Du1E36u1E38u013Bu1E3Cu1E3Au0141u023Du2C62u2C60uA748uA746uA780]/g},
{'base':'LJ','letters':/[u01C7]/g},
{'base':'Lj','letters':/[u01C8]/g},
{'base':'M', 'letters':/[u004Du24C2uFF2Du1E3Eu1E40u1E42u2C6Eu019C]/g},
{'base':'N', 'letters':/[u004Eu24C3uFF2Eu01F8u0143u00D1u1E44u0147u1E46u0145u1E4Au1E48u0220u019DuA790uA7A4]/g},
{'base':'NJ','letters':/[u01CA]/g},
{'base':'Nj','letters':/[u01CB]/g},
{'base':'O', 'letters':/[u004Fu24C4uFF2Fu00D2u00D3u00D4u1ED2u1ED0u1ED6u1ED4u00D5u1E4Cu022Cu1E4Eu014Cu1E50u1E52u014Eu022Eu0230u00D6u022Au1ECEu0150u01D1u020Cu020Eu01A0u1EDCu1EDAu1EE0u1EDEu1EE2u1ECCu1ED8u01EAu01ECu00D8u01FEu0186u019FuA74AuA74C]/g},
{'base':'OI','letters':/[u01A2]/g},
{'base':'OO','letters':/[uA74E]/g},
{'base':'OU','letters':/[u0222]/g},
{'base':'P', 'letters':/[u0050u24C5uFF30u1E54u1E56u01A4u2C63uA750uA752uA754]/g},
{'base':'Q', 'letters':/[u0051u24C6uFF31uA756uA758u024A]/g},
{'base':'R', 'letters':/[u0052u24C7uFF32u0154u1E58u0158u0210u0212u1E5Au1E5Cu0156u1E5Eu024Cu2C64uA75AuA7A6uA782]/g},
{'base':'S', 'letters':/[u0053u24C8uFF33u1E9Eu015Au1E64u015Cu1E60u0160u1E66u1E62u1E68u0218u015Eu2C7EuA7A8uA784]/g},
{'base':'T', 'letters':/[u0054u24C9uFF34u1E6Au0164u1E6Cu021Au0162u1E70u1E6Eu0166u01ACu01AEu023EuA786]/g},
{'base':'TZ','letters':/[uA728]/g},
{'base':'U', 'letters':/[u0055u24CAuFF35u00D9u00DAu00DBu0168u1E78u016Au1E7Au016Cu00DCu01DBu01D7u01D5u01D9u1EE6u016Eu0170u01D3u0214u0216u01AFu1EEAu1EE8u1EEEu1EECu1EF0u1EE4u1E72u0172u1E76u1E74u0244]/g},
{'base':'V', 'letters':/[u0056u24CBuFF36u1E7Cu1E7Eu01B2uA75Eu0245]/g},
{'base':'VY','letters':/[uA760]/g},
{'base':'W', 'letters':/[u0057u24CCuFF37u1E80u1E82u0174u1E86u1E84u1E88u2C72]/g},
{'base':'X', 'letters':/[u0058u24CDuFF38u1E8Au1E8C]/g},
{'base':'Y', 'letters':/[u0059u24CEuFF39u1EF2u00DDu0176u1EF8u0232u1E8Eu0178u1EF6u1EF4u01B3u024Eu1EFE]/g},
{'base':'Z', 'letters':/[u005Au24CFuFF3Au0179u1E90u017Bu017Du1E92u1E94u01B5u0224u2C7Fu2C6BuA762]/g},
{'base':'a', 'letters':/[u0061u24D0uFF41u1E9Au00E0u00E1u00E2u1EA7u1EA5u1EABu1EA9u00E3u0101u0103u1EB1u1EAFu1EB5u1EB3u0227u01E1u00E4u01DFu1EA3u00E5u01FBu01CEu0201u0203u1EA1u1EADu1EB7u1E01u0105u2C65u0250]/g},
{'base':'aa','letters':/[uA733]/g},
{'base':'ae','letters':/[u00E6u01FDu01E3]/g},
{'base':'ao','letters':/[uA735]/g},
{'base':'au','letters':/[uA737]/g},
{'base':'av','letters':/[uA739uA73B]/g},
{'base':'ay','letters':/[uA73D]/g},
{'base':'b', 'letters':/[u0062u24D1uFF42u1E03u1E05u1E07u0180u0183u0253]/g},
{'base':'c', 'letters':/[u0063u24D2uFF43u0107u0109u010Bu010Du00E7u1E09u0188u023CuA73Fu2184]/g},
{'base':'d', 'letters':/[u0064u24D3uFF44u1E0Bu010Fu1E0Du1E11u1E13u1E0Fu0111u018Cu0256u0257uA77A]/g},
{'base':'dz','letters':/[u01F3u01C6]/g},
{'base':'e', 'letters':/[u0065u24D4uFF45u00E8u00E9u00EAu1EC1u1EBFu1EC5u1EC3u1EBDu0113u1E15u1E17u0115u0117u00EBu1EBBu011Bu0205u0207u1EB9u1EC7u0229u1E1Du0119u1E19u1E1Bu0247u025Bu01DD]/g},
{'base':'f', 'letters':/[u0066u24D5uFF46u1E1Fu0192uA77C]/g},
{'base':'g', 'letters':/[u0067u24D6uFF47u01F5u011Du1E21u011Fu0121u01E7u0123u01E5u0260uA7A1u1D79uA77F]/g},
{'base':'h', 'letters':/[u0068u24D7uFF48u0125u1E23u1E27u021Fu1E25u1E29u1E2Bu1E96u0127u2C68u2C76u0265]/g},
{'base':'hv','letters':/[u0195]/g},
{'base':'i', 'letters':/[u0069u24D8uFF49u00ECu00EDu00EEu0129u012Bu012Du00EFu1E2Fu1EC9u01D0u0209u020Bu1ECBu012Fu1E2Du0268u0131]/g},
{'base':'j', 'letters':/[u006Au24D9uFF4Au0135u01F0u0249]/g},
{'base':'k', 'letters':/[u006Bu24DAuFF4Bu1E31u01E9u1E33u0137u1E35u0199u2C6AuA741uA743uA745uA7A3]/g},
{'base':'l', 'letters':/[u006Cu24DBuFF4Cu0140u013Au013Eu1E37u1E39u013Cu1E3Du1E3Bu017Fu0142u019Au026Bu2C61uA749uA781uA747]/g},
{'base':'lj','letters':/[u01C9]/g},
{'base':'m', 'letters':/[u006Du24DCuFF4Du1E3Fu1E41u1E43u0271u026F]/g},
{'base':'n', 'letters':/[u006Eu24DDuFF4Eu01F9u0144u00F1u1E45u0148u1E47u0146u1E4Bu1E49u019Eu0272u0149uA791uA7A5]/g},
{'base':'nj','letters':/[u01CC]/g},
{'base':'o', 'letters':/[u006Fu24DEuFF4Fu00F2u00F3u00F4u1ED3u1ED1u1ED7u1ED5u00F5u1E4Du022Du1E4Fu014Du1E51u1E53u014Fu022Fu0231u00F6u022Bu1ECFu0151u01D2u020Du020Fu01A1u1EDDu1EDBu1EE1u1EDFu1EE3u1ECDu1ED9u01EBu01EDu00F8u01FFu0254uA74BuA74Du0275]/g},
{'base':'oi','letters':/[u01A3]/g},
{'base':'ou','letters':/[u0223]/g},
{'base':'oo','letters':/[uA74F]/g},
{'base':'p','letters':/[u0070u24DFuFF50u1E55u1E57u01A5u1D7DuA751uA753uA755]/g},
{'base':'q','letters':/[u0071u24E0uFF51u024BuA757uA759]/g},
{'base':'r','letters':/[u0072u24E1uFF52u0155u1E59u0159u0211u0213u1E5Bu1E5Du0157u1E5Fu024Du027DuA75BuA7A7uA783]/g},
{'base':'s','letters':/[u0073u24E2uFF53u00DFu015Bu1E65u015Du1E61u0161u1E67u1E63u1E69u0219u015Fu023FuA7A9uA785u1E9B]/g},
{'base':'t','letters':/[u0074u24E3uFF54u1E6Bu1E97u0165u1E6Du021Bu0163u1E71u1E6Fu0167u01ADu0288u2C66uA787]/g},
{'base':'tz','letters':/[uA729]/g},
{'base':'u','letters':/[u0075u24E4uFF55u00F9u00FAu00FBu0169u1E79u016Bu1E7Bu016Du00FCu01DCu01D8u01D6u01DAu1EE7u016Fu0171u01D4u0215u0217u01B0u1EEBu1EE9u1EEFu1EEDu1EF1u1EE5u1E73u0173u1E77u1E75u0289]/g},
{'base':'v','letters':/[u0076u24E5uFF56u1E7Du1E7Fu028BuA75Fu028C]/g},
{'base':'vy','letters':/[uA761]/g},
{'base':'w','letters':/[u0077u24E6uFF57u1E81u1E83u0175u1E87u1E85u1E98u1E89u2C73]/g},
{'base':'x','letters':/[u0078u24E7uFF58u1E8Bu1E8D]/g},
{'base':'y','letters':/[u0079u24E8uFF59u1EF3u00FDu0177u1EF9u0233u1E8Fu00FFu1EF7u1E99u1EF5u01B4u024Fu1EFF]/g},
{'base':'z','letters':/[u007Au24E9uFF5Au017Au1E91u017Cu017Eu1E93u1E95u01B6u0225u0240u2C6CuA763]/g}
];
for(var i=0; i<defaultDiacriticsRemovalMap.length; i++) {
str = str.replace(defaultDiacriticsRemovalMap[i].letters, defaultDiacriticsRemovalMap[i].base);
}
return str;
}
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