将一个朋友声明注入一个命名空间，Eckel，Vol1，pg：440？

问题描述

我想了解一个朋友声明的注入到命名空间：

I'm trying to understand injection of a friend declaration into a namespace:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

namespace Z { //forward declaration
  class X;
}

class Y {
   public:
   void func(Z::X*, int);
 };

namespace Z {
  class X {
    int i;
    public:
    X() : i(999) {}
    friend void Y::func(Z::X*, int);
    void print(void) { cout << i << endl; }
  };
}


void Y::func(Z::X* ptr, int i)
{
  ptr->i = 40;
}

int main(void)
{
  Z::X zx;
  zx.print();

  Y y;
  y.func(&zx, 40);
  zx.print();

  using namespace Z;
//  func(&zx, 30); DOES NOT WORK
}

这是什么意思？我试过Y :: func，但也许只适用于
静态成员函数

What exactly does this mean?? I tried Y::func but that perhaps works only forstatic member functions??

推荐答案

C ++ 11标准7.3.1.2（3）说：

C++11 Standard 7.3.1.2 (3) says:

如果在非本地类中的一个朋友声明首先声明一个类或函数 [footnote：

"If a friend declaration in a nonlocal class first declares a class or function [footnote: this implies that the name of the class or function is unqualified] the friend class or function is a member of the innermost enclosing namespace."

因此，任何不合格的类或函数是非限定的 em> friend函数声明在最内层的命名空间中引入了一个自由函数; （可能）书中引用了注入命名空间。

So any unqualified friend function declaration introduces a free function in the innermost enclosing namespace; (probably) the book referes to this as to "injection into namespace".

注意，甚至可以在朋友声明中定义（实现）一个函数：

Note that it is even possible to define (implement) a function inside friend declaration:

namespace Z
{
  class C
  {
    friend void f(void){/*do something*/}
  };
}

这个朋友声明不仅injects命名空间Z（f不是类C本身的成员！），因此Z :: f不需要其他声明或定义。

This friend declaration not only "injects" but also implements free function f in the namespace Z (f is not a member of class C itself!), so no other declarations or definitions are needed for Z::f.

对于你的例子， / p>

As to your example,

friend void Y::func(Z::X*, int);

是限定的（以命名空间/类名称为前缀） '声明一个函数，它只引用先前在类Y中声明的成员函数Y :: func。这样的朋友声明没有注入。

is qualified (prefixed with namespace/class name), so it doesn't declare a function, it only refers to a member function Y::func previously declared in class Y. Such friend declarations "injects" nothing.

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