C ++虚拟函数与成员函数指针(性能比较)

问题描述

由于虚函数调用需要对v表进行额外的索引引用，因此虚函数调用的速度可能会很慢，这可能导致数据高速缓存未命中以及指令高速缓存未命中……不适用于对性能至关重要的应用程序. /p>

因此，我一直在思考一种克服虚拟功能性能问题的方法，但仍具有虚拟功能所提供的某些相同功能.

我相信以前已经做过，但是我设计了一个简单的测试，该测试允许基类存储可由任何派生类设置的成员函数指针.当我在任何派生类上调用Foo()时，它将调用适当的成员函数，而不必遍历v表...

我只是想知道这种方法是否可以替代虚拟呼叫范例，如果可以，为什么它不那么普遍?

提前感谢您的宝贵时间！ :)

 class BaseClass
{
protected:

    // member function pointer
    typedef void(BaseClass::*FooMemFuncPtr)();
    FooMemFuncPtr m_memfn_ptr_Foo;

    void FooBaseClass()
    {
        printf("FooBaseClass() \n");
    }

public:

    BaseClass()
    {
        m_memfn_ptr_Foo = &BaseClass::FooBaseClass;
    }

    void Foo()
    {
        ((*this).*m_memfn_ptr_Foo)();
    }
};

class DerivedClass : public BaseClass
{
protected:

    void FooDeriveddClass()
    {
        printf("FooDeriveddClass() \n");
    }

public:

    DerivedClass() : BaseClass()
    {
        m_memfn_ptr_Foo = (FooMemFuncPtr)&DerivedClass::FooDeriveddClass;
    }
};

int main(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    DerivedClass derived_inst;
    derived_inst.Foo(); // "FooDeriveddClass()"

    BaseClass base_inst;
    base_inst.Foo(); // "FooBaseClass()"

    BaseClass * derived_heap_inst = new DerivedClass;
    derived_heap_inst->Foo();

    return 0;
}
 

解决方案

我做了一个测试，使用虚拟函数调用的版本在经过优化的系统上更快.

$ time ./main 1
Using member pointer

real    0m3.343s
user    0m3.340s
sys     0m0.002s

$ time ./main 2
Using virtual function call

real    0m2.227s
user    0m2.219s
sys     0m0.006s

这是代码:

#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>

struct BaseClass
{
    typedef void(BaseClass::*FooMemFuncPtr)();
    FooMemFuncPtr m_memfn_ptr_Foo;

    void FooBaseClass() { }

    BaseClass()
    {
        m_memfn_ptr_Foo = &BaseClass::FooBaseClass;
    }

    void Foo()
    {
        ((*this).*m_memfn_ptr_Foo)();
    }
};

struct DerivedClass : public BaseClass
{
    void FooDerivedClass() { }

    DerivedClass() : BaseClass()
    {
        m_memfn_ptr_Foo = (FooMemFuncPtr)&DerivedClass::FooDerivedClass;
    }
};

struct VBaseClass {
  virtual void Foo() = 0;
};

struct VDerivedClass : VBaseClass {
  virtual void Foo() { }
};

static const size_t count = 1000000000;

static void f1(BaseClass* bp)
{
  for (size_t i=0; i!=count; ++i) {
    bp->Foo();
  }
}

static void f2(VBaseClass* bp)
{
  for (size_t i=0; i!=count; ++i) {
    bp->Foo();
  }
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    int test = atoi(argv[1]);
    switch (test) {
        case 1:
        {
            std::cerr << "Using member pointer\n";
            DerivedClass d;
            f1(&d);
            break;
        }
        case 2:
        {
            std::cerr << "Using virtual function call\n";
            VDerivedClass d;
            f2(&d);
            break;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

编译使用:

g++ -O2    main.cpp   -o main

使用g ++ 4.7.2.

Virtual function calls can be slow due to virtual calls requiring an extra indexed deference to the v-table, which can result in a data cache miss as well as an instruction cache miss... Not good for performance critical applications.

So I have been thinking of a way to overcome this performance issue of virtual functions yet still having some of the same functionality that virtual functions provide.

I am confident that this has been done before, but I devised a simple test that allows the base class to store a member function pointer that can be set by any the derived class. And when I call Foo() on any derived class, it will call the appropriate member function without having to traverse the v-table...

I am just wondering if this method is a viable replacement for the virtual-call paradigm, if so, why is it not more ubiquitous?

Thanks in advance for your time! :)

class BaseClass
{
protected:

    // member function pointer
    typedef void(BaseClass::*FooMemFuncPtr)();
    FooMemFuncPtr m_memfn_ptr_Foo;

    void FooBaseClass()
    {
        printf("FooBaseClass() \n");
    }

public:

    BaseClass()
    {
        m_memfn_ptr_Foo = &BaseClass::FooBaseClass;
    }

    void Foo()
    {
        ((*this).*m_memfn_ptr_Foo)();
    }
};

class DerivedClass : public BaseClass
{
protected:

    void FooDeriveddClass()
    {
        printf("FooDeriveddClass() \n");
    }

public:

    DerivedClass() : BaseClass()
    {
        m_memfn_ptr_Foo = (FooMemFuncPtr)&DerivedClass::FooDeriveddClass;
    }
};

int main(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    DerivedClass derived_inst;
    derived_inst.Foo(); // "FooDeriveddClass()"

    BaseClass base_inst;
    base_inst.Foo(); // "FooBaseClass()"

    BaseClass * derived_heap_inst = new DerivedClass;
    derived_heap_inst->Foo();

    return 0;
}

解决方案

I did a test, and the version using virtual function calls was faster on my system with optimization.

$ time ./main 1
Using member pointer

real    0m3.343s
user    0m3.340s
sys     0m0.002s

$ time ./main 2
Using virtual function call

real    0m2.227s
user    0m2.219s
sys     0m0.006s

Here is the code:

#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>

struct BaseClass
{
    typedef void(BaseClass::*FooMemFuncPtr)();
    FooMemFuncPtr m_memfn_ptr_Foo;

    void FooBaseClass() { }

    BaseClass()
    {
        m_memfn_ptr_Foo = &BaseClass::FooBaseClass;
    }

    void Foo()
    {
        ((*this).*m_memfn_ptr_Foo)();
    }
};

struct DerivedClass : public BaseClass
{
    void FooDerivedClass() { }

    DerivedClass() : BaseClass()
    {
        m_memfn_ptr_Foo = (FooMemFuncPtr)&DerivedClass::FooDerivedClass;
    }
};

struct VBaseClass {
  virtual void Foo() = 0;
};

struct VDerivedClass : VBaseClass {
  virtual void Foo() { }
};

static const size_t count = 1000000000;

static void f1(BaseClass* bp)
{
  for (size_t i=0; i!=count; ++i) {
    bp->Foo();
  }
}

static void f2(VBaseClass* bp)
{
  for (size_t i=0; i!=count; ++i) {
    bp->Foo();
  }
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    int test = atoi(argv[1]);
    switch (test) {
        case 1:
        {
            std::cerr << "Using member pointer\n";
            DerivedClass d;
            f1(&d);
            break;
        }
        case 2:
        {
            std::cerr << "Using virtual function call\n";
            VDerivedClass d;
            f2(&d);
            break;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

Compiled using:

g++ -O2    main.cpp   -o main

with g++ 4.7.2.

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