在Java中针对XSD验证XML /获取schemaLocation

问题描述

如何使用Java中的XSD验证XML文件？我们事先不知道架构。我希望能够获得 schemaLocation ，下载XSD，缓存它然后执行实际验证。

How can one validate an XML file using an XSD in Java? We don't know the schema in advance. I would like to be able to get the schemaLocation, download the XSD, cache it and then perform the actual validation.

问题是，使用 javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder / DocumentBuilderFactory 类我似乎无法提前获得 schemaLocation 。这是什么诀窍？我应该研究哪些课程？

The problem is, that with javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder/DocumentBuilderFactory classes I can't seem to be able to get a hold of the schemaLocation in advance. What's the trick for this? Which classes should I look into?

也许我可以使用更合适的API？整个问题是我们需要动态验证，而不必（必然）在本地使用XSD。

Perhaps there's a more suitable API I can use? The whole problem is that we need to validate dynamically, without (necessarily) having the XSDs locally.

如何获得 schemaLocation 在XSD文件中定义？

How could one get a hold of the URL of schemaLocation defined in the XSD file?

我知道你可以设置功能/属性，但这是另一回事。我需要先从XSD获取 schemaLocation 。

I know you can set features/attributes, but that's a different thing. I need to get the schemaLocation from the XSD first.

请指教！

推荐答案

鉴于您使用的是Xerces（或JDK默认值），您是否尝试在工厂中将此功能设置为true：。关于模式，您可以使用其他功能：

Given that you are using Xerces (or JDK default), have you tried setting this feature to true on the factory: http://apache.org/xml/features/validation/schema. There are other features that you can play with regarding schemas: http://xerces.apache.org/xerces2-j/features.html

更新2（用于缓存）：

实施a org.w3c.dom.ls.LSResourceResolver 并使用在 SchemaFactory 上设置此项setResourceResolver 方法。此解析器将从缓存中获取架构或从位置引用的任何位置获取架构。

Implement a org.w3c.dom.ls.LSResourceResolver and set this on the SchemaFactory using the setResourceResolver method. This resolver would either get the schema from cache or fetch it from wherever the location refers to.

更新3：

LSResourceresolver示例（我认为这将是一个很好的起点）：

LSResourceresolver example (which I think will be a good starting point for you):

/**
 * Resolves resources from a base URL
 */
public class URLBasedResourceResolver implements LSResourceResolver {

private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory
        .getLogger(URLBasedResourceResolver.class);

private final URI base;

private final Map<URI, String> nsmap;

public URLBasedResourceResolver(URL base, Map<URI, String> nsmap)
        throws URISyntaxException {
    super();
    this.base = base.toURI();
    this.nsmap = nsmap;
}

@Override
public LSInput resolveResource(String type, String namespaceURI,
        String publicId, String systemId, String baseURI) {
    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
        String msg = String
                .format("Resolve: type=%s, ns=%s, publicId=%s, systemId=%s, baseUri=%s.",
                        type, namespaceURI, publicId, systemId, baseURI);
        log.debug(msg);
    }
    if (type.equals(XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI)) {
        if (namespaceURI != null) {
            try {
                URI ns = new URI(namespaceURI);
                if (nsmap.containsKey(ns))
                    return new MyLSInput(base.resolve(nsmap.get(ns)));
            } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
                // ok
            }
        }
    }
    return null;
}

}

MyLSInput的实现真的很无聊：

The implementation of MyLSInput is really boring:

class MyLSInput implements LSInput {

private final URI url;

public MyLSInput(URI url) {
    super();
    this.url = url;
}

@Override
public Reader getCharacterStream() {
    return null;
}

@Override
public void setCharacterStream(Reader characterStream) {

}

@Override
public InputStream getByteStream() {
    return null;
}

@Override
public void setByteStream(InputStream byteStream) {

}

@Override
public String getStringData() {
    return null;
}

@Override
public void setStringData(String stringData) {

}

@Override
public String getSystemId() {
    return url.toASCIIString();
}

@Override
public void setSystemId(String systemId) {
}

@Override
public String getPublicId() {
    return null;
}

@Override
public void setPublicId(String publicId) {
}

@Override
public String getBaseURI() {
    return null;
}

@Override
public void setBaseURI(String baseURI) {

}

@Override
public String getEncoding() {
    return null;
}

@Override
public void setEncoding(String encoding) {

}

@Override
public boolean getCertifiedText() {
    return false;
}

@Override
public void setCertifiedText(boolean certifiedText) {

}

}

这篇关于在Java中针对XSD验证XML /获取schemaLocation的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持！