问题描述
我想创建一个水平的堆积条形"图，其中日期沿x轴显示，而我的样本在y轴上显示为条形.在下面的简单示例中，我有三个样本(a，b，c)，每个样本包含三个值(0、1、2).我希望根据沿x轴每个时间步长的值对水平条进行着色，以便最终得到从我的第一个时间点到最后一个时间点运行的三个水平条(每个样本一个)，并包含一个与不同值相关的颜色的一系列块.
I would like to create a horizontal ‘stacked bar’ type plot in which date runs along the x-axis and my samples appear as bars on the y-axis. In the simple example below, I have three samples (a, b, c) each containing three values (0, 1, 2). I would like the horizontal bar to be coloured based on the value at each time step along the x-axis, so that I end up with three horizontal bars (one for each sample) that run from my first to last time point and contain a series of blocks with colours that relate to the different values.
例如，假设我希望值0为蓝色，值1为黄色，值2为红色:对于样本a，迹线的前两天为蓝色，然后第二天为黄色，然后是单个蓝色，等等……
For example, say I want value 0 to be blue, value 1 to be yellow and value 2 to be red: for sample a, the first two days of the trace would be blue, then the next two days would be yellow, followed by a single blue and so on……
示例数据:
df <- structure(list(date = c("30/04/2011", "01/05/2011", "02/05/2011", "03/05/2011", "04/05/2011", "05/05/2011", "06/05/2011", "07/05/2011", "08/05/2011", "09/05/2011", "10/05/2011", "11/05/2011", "12/05/2011", "13/05/2011", "14/05/2011", "15/05/2011", "16/05/2011", "17/05/2011", "18/05/2011", "19/05/2011", "20/05/2011", "21/05/2011", "22/05/2011", "23/05/2011", "24/05/2011", "25/05/2011", "26/05/2011", "27/05/2011", "28/05/2011", "29/05/2011", "30/05/2011", "31/05/2011", "01/06/2011", "02/06/2011", "03/06/2011", "04/06/2011", "05/06/2011", "06/06/2011", "07/06/2011", "08/06/2011", "09/06/2011", "10/06/2011", "11/06/2011", "12/06/2011", "13/06/2011", "14/06/2011", "15/06/2011", "16/06/2011", "17/06/2011", "18/06/2011", "19/06/2011", "20/06/2011", "21/06/2011", "22/06/2011", "23/06/2011", "24/06/2011", "25/06/2011", "26/06/2011", "27/06/2011", "28/06/2011", "29/06/2011", "30/06/2011", "01/07/2011", "02/07/2011", "03/07/2011", "04/07/2011", "05/07/2011", "06/07/2011", "07/07/2011", "08/07/2011", "09/07/2011", "10/07/2011", "11/07/2011", "12/07/2011", "13/07/2011", "14/07/2011", "15/07/2011", "16/07/2011", "17/07/2011", "18/07/2011", "19/07/2011", "20/07/2011", "21/07/2011", "22/07/2011", "23/07/2011", "24/07/2011"), a = c(0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L), b = c(0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), c = c(1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)), .Names = c("date", "a", "b", "c"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -86L))
head(df)
# date a b c
# 1 30/04/2011 0 0 1
# 2 01/05/2011 0 1 1
# 3 02/05/2011 1 1 0
# 4 03/05/2011 1 0 0
# 5 04/05/2011 0 0 0
这确实是一件很容易做到的事情，但我无法理解(即，条形图似乎对此不起作用).任何帮助，将不胜感激.谢谢！
This must be a really easy thing to achieve but I can’t get my head around it (i.e. bar plot doesn't seem to work for this). Any help would be appreciated. Thanks!
推荐答案
对于ggplot2图，首先将df转换为长格式(使用reshape2包中的melt)，将date列转换为"Date"类和value列为一个因子，然后使用geom_tile:
For a ggplot2 plot first convert df to long form (using melt from the reshape2 package), convert the date column to "Date" class and the value column to a factor and then use geom_tile:
library(ggplot2)
library(reshape2)
long <- melt(df, measure.var = 2:4)
long <- transform(long, date = as.Date(long$date, "%d/%m/%Y"), value = factor(value))
ggplot(long, aes(date, variable)) +
geom_tile(aes(fill = value)) +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("blue", "yellow", "red"))
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