NameError -- 当脚本在多个 python 文件中分解时导入的模块

问题描述

很难找到这个问题的标题，希望这个帖子不是重复的.

It is hard to find a title for this question and hopefully this thread is not a duplicate.

我正在用 Python 2.7(使用 PyCharm 2016.2.2)为一个项目编写长脚本，并决定将其拆分为不同的 .py 文件，然后我可以将其导入到主文件中.

I was writing that long script in Python 2.7 (using PyCharm 2016.2.2) for a project and decided to split it in different .py files which I could then import into a main file.

不幸的是，似乎在代码前面导入模块(例如 numpy)并不意味着下面导入的 .py 文件会知道这一点.

Unfortunately, it seems that when importing a module (e.g. numpy) earlier in the code does not mean that the .py files that are imported below will have knowledge of that.

我是 python 的新手，我想知道是否有一种简单的解决方法.

I am new to python and I was wondering whether there is an easy workaround for that one.

为了更清楚，这是我的代码的示例结构:

To be more clear, here is an example structure of my code:

Main.py(用于运行脚本的文件):

Main.py (the file that is used to run the script):

import basic
numpy.random.seed(7)
import load_data

basic.py:

import pandas
import numpy
            etc...

load_data.py:

raw_input = pandas.read_excel('April.xls', index_col = 'DateTime')
            etc...

Main.py的第二行会报错"NameError: name 'numpy' is not defined"，意思是中导入的numpybasic.py 不会传递给 Main.py.

The second line of Main.py would cause an error "NameError: name 'numpy' is not defined", meaning the numpy that was imported in basic.py is not passed to the Main.py.

我猜 load_data.py 中的代码会发生类似的错误，因为 'pandas' 不是一个定义的名称.

I guess that a similar error would occur for the code in load_data.py since 'pandas' would not be a defined name.

有什么想法吗?

谢谢.

推荐答案

basic.py 中导入的 numpy 模块有一个仅在 basic 中定义的引用.py 范围.您必须在任何使用它的地方显式导入 numpy.

The numpy module imported in basic.py has a reference defined only withing basic.py scope. You have to explictly import numpy everywhere you use it.

import basic.py
import numpy
numpy.random.seed(7)
import load_data.py

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