本文介绍了将带有破折号的 punycode 转换为 Unicode的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！
问题描述
我需要将 punycode NIATO-OTABD 转换为 nñiñatoñ.
I need to convert the punycode NIATO-OTABD to nñiñatoñ.
我前几天发现了 JavaScript 中的文本转换器，但是如果有的话，punycode 转换不起作用中间有一个破折号.
I found a text converter in JavaScript the other day, but the punycode conversion doesn't work if there's a dash in the middle.
有什么建议可以解决破折号"问题?
Any suggestion to fix the "dash" issue?
推荐答案
我花时间创建了下面的 punycode.它基于 RFC 3492 中的 C 代码.要将它与域名一起使用，您必须将 xn-- 从/添加到输入/输出到/从解码/编码.
I took the time to create the punycode below. It it based on the C code in RFC 3492. To use it with domain names you have to remove/add xn-- from/to the input/output to/from decode/encode.
utf16-class 是将 JavaScript 的内部字符表示转换为 unicode 并返回所必需的.
The utf16-class is necessary to convert from JavaScripts internal character representation to unicode and back.
还有 ToASCII 和 ToUnicode 函数可以更轻松地在微编码 IDN 和 ASCII 之间进行转换.
There are also ToASCII and ToUnicode functions to make it easier to convert between puny-coded IDN and ASCII.
//Javascript Punycode converter derived from example in RFC3492.
//This implementation is created by [email protected] and released into public domain
var punycode = new function Punycode() {
// This object converts to and from puny-code used in IDN
//
// punycode.ToASCII ( domain )
//
// Returns a puny coded representation of "domain".
// It only converts the part of the domain name that
// has non ASCII characters. I.e. it dosent matter if
// you call it with a domain that already is in ASCII.
//
// punycode.ToUnicode (domain)
//
// Converts a puny-coded domain name to unicode.
// It only converts the puny-coded parts of the domain name.
// I.e. it dosent matter if you call it on a string
// that already has been converted to unicode.
//
//
this.utf16 = {
// The utf16-class is necessary to convert from javascripts internal character representation to unicode and back.
decode:function(input){
var output = [], i=0, len=input.length,value,extra;
while (i < len) {
value = input.charCodeAt(i++);
if ((value & 0xF800) === 0xD800) {
extra = input.charCodeAt(i++);
if ( ((value & 0xFC00) !== 0xD800) || ((extra & 0xFC00) !== 0xDC00) ) {
throw new RangeError("UTF-16(decode): Illegal UTF-16 sequence");
}
value = ((value & 0x3FF) << 10) + (extra & 0x3FF) + 0x10000;
}
output.push(value);
}
return output;
},
encode:function(input){
var output = [], i=0, len=input.length,value;
while (i < len) {
value = input[i++];
if ( (value & 0xF800) === 0xD800 ) {
throw new RangeError("UTF-16(encode): Illegal UTF-16 value");
}
if (value > 0xFFFF) {
value -= 0x10000;
output.push(String.fromCharCode(((value >>>10) & 0x3FF) | 0xD800));
value = 0xDC00 | (value & 0x3FF);
}
output.push(String.fromCharCode(value));
}
return output.join("");
}
}
//Default parameters
var initial_n = 0x80;
var initial_bias = 72;
var delimiter = "x2D";
var base = 36;
var damp = 700;
var tmin=1;
var tmax=26;
var skew=38;
var maxint = 0x7FFFFFFF;
// decode_digit(cp) returns the numeric value of a basic code
// point (for use in representing integers) in the range 0 to
// base-1, or base if cp is does not represent a value.
function decode_digit(cp) {
return cp - 48 < 10 ? cp - 22 : cp - 65 < 26 ? cp - 65 : cp - 97 < 26 ? cp - 97 : base;
}
// encode_digit(d,flag) returns the basic code point whose value
// (when used for representing integers) is d, which needs to be in
// the range 0 to base-1. The lowercase form is used unless flag is
// nonzero, in which case the uppercase form is used. The behavior
// is undefined if flag is nonzero and digit d has no uppercase form.
function encode_digit(d, flag) {
return d + 22 + 75 * (d < 26) - ((flag != 0) << 5);
// 0..25 map to ASCII a..z or A..Z
// 26..35 map to ASCII 0..9
}
//** Bias adaptation function **
function adapt(delta, numpoints, firsttime ) {
var k;
delta = firsttime ? Math.floor(delta / damp) : (delta >> 1);
delta += Math.floor(delta / numpoints);
for (k = 0; delta > (((base - tmin) * tmax) >> 1); k += base) {
delta = Math.floor(delta / ( base - tmin ));
}
return Math.floor(k + (base - tmin + 1) * delta / (delta + skew));
}
// encode_basic(bcp,flag) forces a basic code point to lowercase if flag is zero,
// uppercase if flag is nonzero, and returns the resulting code point.
// The code point is unchanged if it is caseless.
// The behavior is undefined if bcp is not a basic code point.
function encode_basic(bcp, flag) {
bcp -= (bcp - 97 < 26) << 5;
return bcp + ((!flag && (bcp - 65 < 26)) << 5);
}
// Main decode
this.decode=function(input,preserveCase) {
// Dont use utf16
var output=[];
var case_flags=[];
var input_length = input.length;
var n, out, i, bias, basic, j, ic, oldi, w, k, digit, t, len;
// Initialize the state:
n = initial_n;
i = 0;
bias = initial_bias;
// Handle the basic code points: Let basic be the number of input code
// points before the last delimiter, or 0 if there is none, then
// copy the first basic code points to the output.
basic = input.lastIndexOf(delimiter);
if (basic < 0) basic = 0;
for (j = 0; j < basic; ++j) {
if(preserveCase) case_flags[output.length] = ( input.charCodeAt(j) -65 < 26);
if ( input.charCodeAt(j) >= 0x80) {
throw new RangeError("Illegal input >= 0x80");
}
output.push( input.charCodeAt(j) );
}
// Main decoding loop: Start just after the last delimiter if any
// basic code points were copied; start at the beginning otherwise.
for (ic = basic > 0 ? basic + 1 : 0; ic < input_length; ) {
// ic is the index of the next character to be consumed,
// Decode a generalized variable-length integer into delta,
// which gets added to i. The overflow checking is easier
// if we increase i as we go, then subtract off its starting
// value at the end to obtain delta.
for (oldi = i, w = 1, k = base; ; k += base) {
if (ic >= input_length) {
throw RangeError ("punycode_bad_input(1)");
}
digit = decode_digit(input.charCodeAt(ic++));
if (digit >= base) {
throw RangeError("punycode_bad_input(2)");
}
if (digit > Math.floor((maxint - i) / w)) {
throw RangeError ("punycode_overflow(1)");
}
i += digit * w;
t = k <= bias ? tmin : k >= bias + tmax ? tmax : k - bias;
if (digit < t) { break; }
if (w > Math.floor(maxint / (base - t))) {
throw RangeError("punycode_overflow(2)");
}
w *= (base - t);
}
out = output.length + 1;
bias = adapt(i - oldi, out, oldi === 0);
// i was supposed to wrap around from out to 0,
// incrementing n each time, so we'll fix that now:
if ( Math.floor(i / out) > maxint - n) {
throw RangeError("punycode_overflow(3)");
}
n += Math.floor( i / out ) ;
i %= out;
// Insert n at position i of the output:
// Case of last character determines uppercase flag:
if (preserveCase) { case_flags.splice(i, 0, input.charCodeAt(ic -1) -65 < 26);}
output.splice(i, 0, n);
i++;
}
if (preserveCase) {
for (i = 0, len = output.length; i < len; i++) {
if (case_flags[i]) {
output[i] = (String.fromCharCode(output[i]).toUpperCase()).charCodeAt(0);
}
}
}
return this.utf16.encode(output);
};
//** Main encode function **
this.encode = function (input,preserveCase) {
//** Bias adaptation function **
var n, delta, h, b, bias, j, m, q, k, t, ijv, case_flags;
if (preserveCase) {
// Preserve case, step1 of 2: Get a list of the unaltered string
case_flags = this.utf16.decode(input);
}
// Converts the input in UTF-16 to Unicode
input = this.utf16.decode(input.toLowerCase());
var input_length = input.length; // Cache the length
if (preserveCase) {
// Preserve case, step2 of 2: Modify the list to true/false
for (j=0; j < input_length; j++) {
case_flags[j] = input[j] != case_flags[j];
}
}
var output=[];
// Initialize the state:
n = initial_n;
delta = 0;
bias = initial_bias;
// Handle the basic code points:
for (j = 0; j < input_length; ++j) {
if ( input[j] < 0x80) {
output.push(
String.fromCharCode(
case_flags ? encode_basic(input[j], case_flags[j]) : input[j]
)
);
}
}
h = b = output.length;
// h is the number of code points that have been handled, b is the
// number of basic code points
if (b > 0) output.push(delimiter);
// Main encoding loop:
//
while (h < input_length) {
// All non-basic code points < n have been
// handled already. Find the next larger one:
for (m = maxint, j = 0; j < input_length; ++j) {
ijv = input[j];
if (ijv >= n && ijv < m) m = ijv;
}
// Increase delta enough to advance the decoder's
// <n,i> state to <m,0>, but guard against overflow:
if (m - n > Math.floor((maxint - delta) / (h + 1))) {
throw RangeError("punycode_overflow (1)");
}
delta += (m - n) * (h + 1);
n = m;
for (j = 0; j < input_length; ++j) {
ijv = input[j];
if (ijv < n ) {
if (++delta > maxint) return Error("punycode_overflow(2)");
}
if (ijv == n) {
// Represent delta as a generalized variable-length integer:
for (q = delta, k = base; ; k += base) {
t = k <= bias ? tmin : k >= bias + tmax ? tmax : k - bias;
if (q < t) break;
output.push( String.fromCharCode(encode_digit(t + (q - t) % (base - t), 0)) );
q = Math.floor( (q - t) / (base - t) );
}
output.push( String.fromCharCode(encode_digit(q, preserveCase && case_flags[j] ? 1:0 )));
bias = adapt(delta, h + 1, h == b);
delta = 0;
++h;
}
}
++delta, ++n;
}
return output.join("");
}
this.ToASCII = function ( domain ) {
var domain_array = domain.split(".");
var out = [];
for (var i=0; i < domain_array.length; ++i) {
var s = domain_array[i];
out.push(
s.match(/[^A-Za-z0-9-]/) ?
"xn--" + punycode.encode(s) :
s
);
}
return out.join(".");
}
this.ToUnicode = function ( domain ) {
var domain_array = domain.split(".");
var out = [];
for (var i=0; i < domain_array.length; ++i) {
var s = domain_array[i];
out.push(
s.match(/^xn--/) ?
punycode.decode(s.slice(4)) :
s
);
}
return out.join(".");
}
}();
更新许可证:
来自 RFC3492:
Update Licence:
From RFC3492:
免责声明和许可
对于整个文档或其中的任何部分(包括伪代码和 C 代码)，作者不作任何保证，也不对因使用而造成的任何损害负责.作者授予任何人不可撤销的许可，以不削弱其他任何人使用、修改和分发它的权利的任何方式使用、修改和分发它，前提是重新分发的衍生作品不包含误导性的作者或版本信息.衍生作品无需根据类似条款获得许可.
Regarding this entire document or any portion of it (including the pseudocode and C code), the author makes no guarantees and is not responsible for any damage resulting from its use. The author grants irrevocable permission to anyone to use, modify, and distribute it in any way that does not diminish the rights of anyone else to use, modify, and distribute it, provided that redistributed derivative works do not contain misleading author or version information. Derivative works need not be licensed under similar terms.
我把我的工作放在这个 punycode 和 utf16 中.收到一封电子邮件告诉我您在哪个项目中使用它会很高兴.
I put my work in this punycode and utf16 in the public domain. It would be nice to get an email telling me in what project you use it.
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