为什么 Python 不能识别我的 utf-8 编码源文件?

问题描述

这是一个带有非 ASCII 字符的小 tmp.py:

if __name__ == "__main__":s = 'ß'印刷)

运行时出现以下错误:

回溯(最近一次调用最后一次):文件.	mp.py"，第 3 行，在 <module> 中印刷)文件C:Python32libencodingscp866.py"，第 19 行，编码返回 codecs.charmap_encode(input,self.errors,encoding_map)[0]UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' 编解码器无法对位置 0 的字符 'xdf' 进行编码:字符映射到 <undefined>

Python 文档说:

默认情况下，Python 源文件被视为以 UTF-8 编码...

我检查编码的方法是使用 Firefox(也许有人会建议一些更明显的东西).我在 Firefox 中打开 tmp.py，如果我选择 View->Character Encoding->Unicode (UTF-8) 它看起来没问题，这就是它在这个问题上面的样子(wth ß符号).

如果我把:

# -*- 编码:utf-8 -*-

作为 tmp.py 中的第一个字符串，它不会改变任何东西——错误仍然存​​在.

有人能帮我弄清楚我做错了什么吗?

解决方案

终端使用的编码没有支持那个角色:

>>>'xdf'.encode('cp866')回溯(最近一次调用最后一次):文件<stdin>"，第 1 行，在 <module> 中文件/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/lib/python3.3/encodings/cp866.py"，第12行，编码返回 codecs.charmap_encode(input,errors,encoding_map)UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' 编解码器无法对位置 0 的字符 'xdf' 进行编码:字符映射到 <undefined>

Python 处理得很好，是您的输出编码无法处理它.

您可以尝试在 Windows 控制台中使用 chcp 65001 来切换您的代码页；chcp 是用于更改代码页的 Windows 命令行命令.

我的，在 OS X 上(使用 UTF-8)可以很好地处理它:

>>>打印('xdf')ß

Here is a little tmp.py with a non ASCII character:

if __name__ == "__main__":
    s = 'ß'
    print(s)

Running it I get the following error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File ".	mp.py", line 3, in <module>
    print(s)
  File "C:Python32libencodingscp866.py", line 19, in encode
    return codecs.charmap_encode(input,self.errors,encoding_map)[0]
UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character 'xdf' in position 0: character maps to <undefined>

The Python docs says:

My way of checking the encoding is to use Firefox (maybe someone would suggest something more obvious). I open tmp.py in Firefox and if I select View->Character Encoding->Unicode (UTF-8) it looks ok, that is the way it looks above in this question (wth ß symbol).

If I put:

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

as the first string in tmp.py it does not change anything—the error persists.

Could someone help me to figure out what am I doing wrong?

解决方案

The encoding your terminal is using doesn't support that character:

>>> 'xdf'.encode('cp866')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/lib/python3.3/encodings/cp866.py", line 12, in encode
    return codecs.charmap_encode(input,errors,encoding_map)
UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character 'xdf' in position 0: character maps to <undefined>

Python is handling it just fine, it's your output encoding that cannot handle it.

You can try using chcp 65001 in the Windows console to switch your codepage; chcp is a windows command line command to change code pages.

Mine, on OS X (using UTF-8) can handle it just fine:

>>> print('xdf')
ß

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