Python3 UTF-8解码问题

问题描述

以下代码在Windows计算机上可以在Python3上正常运行，并输出字符'é':

The following code runs fine with Python3 on my Windows machine and prints the character 'é':

data = b"\xc3\xa9"

print(data.decode('utf-8'))

但是，在基于Ubuntu的Docker容器上运行相同的结果是:

However, running the same on an Ubuntu based docker container results in :

UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character '\xe9' in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

要启用utf-8解码，是否需要安装任何东西?

Is there anything that I have to install to enable utf-8 decoding ?

推荐答案

问题出在print()表达式，而不是decode()方法.如果仔细观察，引发的异常是Unicode En codeError，而不是- De codeError.

The problem is with the print() expression, not with the decode() method.If you look closely, the raised exception is a UnicodeEncodeError, not a -DecodeError.

无论何时使用print()函数，Python都会将其参数转换为str，随后将结果编码为bytes，然后将其发送到终端(或运行Python的任何终端).用于编码的编解码器(例如UTF-8或ASCII)取决于环境.在理想情况下，

Whenever you use the print() function, Python converts its arguments to a str and subsequently encodes the result to bytes, which are sent to the terminal (or whatever Python is run in).The codec which is used for encoding (eg. UTF-8 or ASCII) depends on the environment.In an ideal case,

• Python使用的编解码器与终端所期望的编解码器兼容，因此字符可以正确显示(否则，您会像é"而不是é"一样获得mojibake)；
• 所使用的编解码器涵盖了足以满足您需求的一系列字符(例如UTF-8或UTF-16，其中包含所有字符).

在您的情况下，您提到的Linux泊坞窗不满足第二个条件:所使用的编码为ASCII，仅支持在老式英文打字机上找到的字符.这些是解决此问题的一些方法:

In your case, the second condition isn't met for the Linux docker you mention: the encoding used is ASCII, which only supports characters found on an old English typewriter.These are a few options to address this problem:

• 设置环境变量:在Linux上，Python的默认编码取决于此(至少部分地).以我的经验，这是一个反复试验的过程.将LC_ALL设置为包含"UTF-8"的内容对我来说一次.您必须将它们放入启动脚本中，以便您的终端运行的外壳程序，例如. .bashrc .

• 重新编码STDOUT，如下所示:

• Set environment variables: on Linux, Python's encoding defaults depend on this (at least partially). In my experience, this is a bit of a trial and error; setting LC_ALL to something containing "UTF-8" worked for me once. You'll have to put them in start-up script for the shell your terminal runs, eg. .bashrc.

• Re-encode STDOUT, like so:

sys.stdout = open(sys.stdout.buffer.fileno(), 'w', encoding='utf8')

使用的编码必须匹配终端之一.

The encoding used has to match the one of the terminal.

也许还有其他选择，但我怀疑还有更好的选择.

There might be other options, but I doubt that there are nicer ones.

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