如何在Python中打开外部程序

问题描述

重复不，我这样做了，但是它不想启动Firefox.我正在做一个cortana/siri助手之类的东西，我想让我说些什么时说打开网络浏览器.因此，我已经完成了if部分，但是我只需要启动它启动firefox.exe，就尝试了其他尝试，但出现了错误.这是代码.请帮忙！它可以与打开记事本一起使用，但不适用于Firefox.

Duplicate edit: no, i did that but it doesnt want to launch firefox.I am making a cortana/siri assistant thing, and I want it to lets say open a web browser when I say something. So I have done the if part, but I just need it to launch firefox.exe I have tried different things and I get an error . Here is the code. Please help! It works with opening notepad but not firefox..

#subprocess.Popen(['C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe']) opens the app and continues the script
#subprocess.call(['C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe']) this opens it but doesnt continue the script

import os
import subprocess

print "Hello, I am Danbot.. If you are new ask for help!" #intro

prompt = ">"     #sets the bit that indicates to input to >

input = raw_input (prompt)      #sets whatever you say to the input so bot can proces

raw_input (prompt)     #makes an input


if input == "help": #if the input is that
 print "*****************************************************************" #says that
 print "I am only being created.. more feautrues coming soon!" #says that
 print "*****************************************************************" #says that
 print "What is your name talks about names" #says that
 print "Open (name of program) opens an application" #says that
 print "sometimes a command is ignored.. restart me then!"
 print "Also, once you type in a command, press enter a couple of times.."
 print "*****************************************************************" #says that

raw_input (prompt)     #makes an input

if input == "open notepad": #if the input is that
 print "opening notepad!!" #says that
 print os.system('notepad.exe') #starts notepad

if input == "open the internet": #if the input is that
 print "opening firefox!!" #says that
 subprocess.Popen(['C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe'])

推荐答案

简短的答案是os.system不知道在哪里可以找到firefox.exe.

The short answer is that os.system doesn't know where to find firefox.exe.

可能的解决方案是使用完整路径.并且建议使用subprocess模块:

A possible solution would be to use the full path. And it is recommended to use the subprocess module:

import subprocess

subprocess.call(['C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe'])

在firefox.exe之前注意\\！如果您使用\f，Python会将其解释为换页:

Mind the \\ before the firefox.exe! If you'd use \f, Python would interpret this as a formfeed:

>>> print('C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe')
C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox
                                irefox.exe

当然，该路径不存在. :-)

And of course that path doesn't exist. :-)

因此，请转义反斜杠或使用原始字符串:

So either escape the backslash or use a raw string:

>>> print('C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe')
C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe
>>> print(r'C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe')
C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe

请注意，使用os.system或subprocess.call将停止当前应用程序，直到启动的程序完成.因此，您可能想使用subprocess.Popen代替.这将启动外部程序，然后继续执行脚本.

Note that using os.system or subprocess.call will stop the current application until the program that is started finishes. So you might want to use subprocess.Popen instead. That will launch the external program and then continue the script.

subprocess.Popen(['C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe', '-new-tab'])

这将打开Firefox(或在运行的实例中创建新标签).

This will open firefox (or create a new tab in a running instance).

一个更完整的示例是我的 open 实用程序我通过github发布.这使用正则表达式将文件扩展名与打开这些文件的程序进行匹配.然后，它使用subprocess.Popen在适当的程序中打开那些文件.作为参考，我在下面添加了当前版本的完整代码.

A more complete example is my open utility I publish via github. This uses regular expressions to match file extensions to programs to open those files with. Then it uses subprocess.Popen to open those files in an appropriate program. For reference I'm adding the complete code for the current version below.

请注意，此程序是在考虑UNIX类操作系统的情况下编写的.在ms-windows上，您可能会从注册表中获取文件类型的应用程序.

Note that this program was written with UNIX-like operating systems in mind. On ms-windows you could probably get an application for a filetype from the registry.

"""Opens the file(s) given on the command line in the appropriate program.
Some of the programs are X11 programs."""

from os.path import isdir, isfile
from re import search, IGNORECASE
from subprocess import Popen, check_output, CalledProcessError
from sys import argv
import argparse
import logging

__version__ = '1.3.0'

# You should adjust the programs called to suit your preferences.
filetypes = {
    '\.(pdf|epub)$': ['mupdf'],
    '\.html$': ['chrome', '--incognito'],
    '\.xcf$': ['gimp'],
    '\.e?ps$': ['gv'],
    '\.(jpe?g|png|gif|tiff?|p[abgp]m|svg)$': ['gpicview'],
    '\.(pax|cpio|zip|jar|ar|xar|rpm|7z)$': ['tar', 'tf'],
    '\.(tar\.|t)(z|gz|bz2?|xz)$': ['tar', 'tf'],
    '\.(mp4|mkv|avi|flv|mpg|movi?|m4v|webm)$': ['mpv']
}
othertypes = {'dir': ['rox'], 'txt': ['gvim', '--nofork']}


def main(argv):
    """Entry point for this script.

    Arguments:
        argv: command line arguments; list of strings.
    """
    if argv[0].endswith(('open', 'open.py')):
        del argv[0]
    opts = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='open', description=__doc__)
    opts.add_argument('-v', '--version', action='version',
                      version=__version__)
    opts.add_argument('-a', '--application', help='application to use')
    opts.add_argument('--log', default='warning',
                      choices=['debug', 'info', 'warning', 'error'],
                      help="logging level (defaults to 'warning')")
    opts.add_argument("files", metavar='file', nargs='*',
                      help="one or more files to process")
    args = opts.parse_args(argv)
    logging.basicConfig(level=getattr(logging, args.log.upper(), None),
                        format='%(levelname)s: %(message)s')
    logging.info('command line arguments = {}'.format(argv))
    logging.info('parsed arguments = {}'.format(args))
    fail = "opening '{}' failed: {}"
    for nm in args.files:
        logging.info("Trying '{}'".format(nm))
        if not args.application:
            if isdir(nm):
                cmds = othertypes['dir'] + [nm]
            elif isfile(nm):
                cmds = matchfile(filetypes, othertypes, nm)
            else:
                cmds = None
        else:
            cmds = [args.application, nm]
        if not cmds:
            logging.warning("do not know how to open '{}'".format(nm))
            continue
        try:
            Popen(cmds)
        except OSError as e:
            logging.error(fail.format(nm, e))
    else:  # No files named
        if args.application:
            try:
                Popen([args.application])
            except OSError as e:
                logging.error(fail.format(args.application, e))


def matchfile(fdict, odict, fname):
    """For the given filename, returns the matching program. It uses the `file`
    utility commonly available on UNIX.

    Arguments:
        fdict: Handlers for files. A dictionary of regex:(commands)
            representing the file type and the action that is to be taken for
            opening one.
        odict: Handlers for other types. A dictionary of str:(arguments).
        fname: A string containing the name of the file to be opened.

    Returns: A list of commands for subprocess.Popen.
    """
    for k, v in fdict.items():
        if search(k, fname, IGNORECASE) is not None:
            return v + [fname]
    try:
        if b'text' in check_output(['file', fname]):
            return odict['txt'] + [fname]
    except CalledProcessError:
        logging.warning("the command 'file {}' failed.".format(fname))
        return None


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(argv)

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