使用类运算符是否允许对其自身进行隐式类型转换

使用类运算符是否允许对其自身进行隐式类型转换

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使用类运算符是否允许对其自身进行隐式类型转换?

本文介绍了使用类运算符是否允许对其自身进行隐式类型转换?的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！

问题描述

我有一条记录如下:

TBigint = record
    PtrDigits: Pointer;                  <-- The data is somewhere else.
    Size: Byte;
    MSB: Byte;
    Sign: Shortint;
    ...
    class operator Implicit(a: TBigint): TBigint;  <<-- is this allowed?
    ....

该代码是前置运算符遗留代码，但我想添加运算符.

The code is pre-class operator legacy code, but I want to add operators.

我知道数据确实应该存储在一个动态字节数组中，但是我不想更改代码，因为所有内容都在x86汇编中.

I know the data should really be stored in a dynamic array of byte, but I do not want to change the code, because all the meat is in x86-assembly.

我想要下面的代码来触发底部的类运算符:

I want to following code to trigger the class operator at the bottom:

procedure test(a: TBignum);
var b: TBignum;
begin
  b:= a;  <<-- naive copy will tangle up the `PtrDigit` pointers.
  ....

如果我将隐式类型转换添加到自身，是否将执行以下代码?

If I add the implicit typecast to itself, will the following code be executed?

class operator TBigint.Implicit(a: TBigint): TBigint;
begin
  sdpBigint.CreateBigint(Result, a.Size);
  sdpBigint.CopyBigint(a, Result);
end;

(如果测试符合我的预期，将对其进行测试并添加答案).

推荐答案

我的第一个答案试图劝阻该想法覆盖赋值运算符.我仍然支持该答案，因为使用对象可以更好地解决许多要遇到的问题.

My first answer attempts to dissuade against the idea of overriding the assignment operator. I still stand by that answer, because many of the problems to be encountered are better solved with objects.

但是，David非常正确地指出，TBigInt被实现为记录以利用运算符重载. IE. a := b + c;.这是坚持基于记录的实现的一个很好的理由.

However, David quite rightly pointed out that TBigInt is implemented as a record to leverage operator overloads. I.e. a := b + c;. This is a very good reason to stick with a record based implementation.

因此，我提出了另一种解决方案，用一只石头杀死两只鸟:

Hence, I propose this alternative solution that kills two birds with one stone:

  • 它消除了我在其他答案中解释的内存管理风险.
  • 并提供了一种简单的机制来实现写时复制语义.

(我仍然建议除非有充分的理由保留基于记录的解决方案，否则请考虑切换到基于对象的解决方案.)

总体思路如下:

  • 定义一个表示BigInt数据的接口. (在我的示例中，这最初可能是最低限度的，并且仅支持对指针的控制.这将使现有代码的初始转换更加容易.)
  • 定义上述接口的实现，该接口将由TBigInt记录使用.
  • 接口解决了第一个问题，因为接口是托管类型.当记录超出范围时，Delphi将取消引用该接口.因此，底层对象将在不再需要时自行销毁.
  • 该界面还提供了解决第二个问题的机会，因为我们可以检查RefCount以了解是否应按写复制.
  • 请注意，从长远来看，将某些BigInt实现从记录移至类&界面.
  • Define an interface to represent the BigInt data. (This can initially be minimalist and support only control of the pointer - as in my example. This would make the initial conversion of existing code easier.)
  • Define an implementation of the above interface which will be used by the TBigInt record.
  • The interface solves the first problem, because interfaces are a managed type; and Delphi will dereference the interface when a record goes out of scope. Hence, the underlying object will destroy itself when no longer needed.
  • The interface also provides the opportunity to solve the second problem, because we can check the RefCount to know whether we should Copy-On-Write.
  • Note that long term it might prove beneficial to move some of the BigInt implementation from the record to the class & interface.

下面的代码是经过精简的"big int"实现，仅用于说明概念. (即，大"整数仅限于常规的32位数字，并且仅实现了加法运算.)

The following code is trimmed-down "big int" implementation purely to illustrate the concepts. (I.e. The "big" integer is limited to a regular 32-bit number, and only addition has been implemented.)

type
  IBigInt = interface
    ['{1628BA6F-FA21-41B5-81C7-71C336B80A6B}']
    function GetData: Pointer;
    function GetSize: Integer;
    procedure Realloc(ASize: Integer);
    function RefCount: Integer;
  end;

type
  TBigIntImpl = class(TInterfacedObject, IBigInt)
  private
    FData: Pointer;
    FSize: Integer;
  protected
    {IBigInt}
    function GetData: Pointer;
    function GetSize: Integer;
    procedure Realloc(ASize: Integer);
    function RefCount: Integer;
  public
    constructor CreateCopy(ASource: IBigInt);
    destructor Destroy; override;
  end;

type
  TBigInt = record
    PtrDigits: IBigInt;
    constructor CreateFromInt(AValue: Integer);
    class operator Implicit(AValue: TBigInt): Integer;
    class operator Add(AValue1, AValue2: TBigInt): TBigInt;
    procedure Add(AValue: Integer);
  strict private
    procedure CopyOnWriteSharedData;
  end;

{ TBigIntImpl }

constructor TBigIntImpl.CreateCopy(ASource: IBigInt);
begin
  Realloc(ASource.GetSize);
  Move(ASource.GetData^, FData^, FSize);
end;

destructor TBigIntImpl.Destroy;
begin
  FreeMem(FData);
  inherited;
end;

function TBigIntImpl.GetData: Pointer;
begin
  Result := FData;
end;

function TBigIntImpl.GetSize: Integer;
begin
  Result := FSize;
end;

procedure TBigIntImpl.Realloc(ASize: Integer);
begin
  ReallocMem(FData, ASize);
  FSize := ASize;
end;

function TBigIntImpl.RefCount: Integer;
begin
  Result := FRefCount;
end;

{ TBigInt }

class operator TBigInt.Add(AValue1, AValue2: TBigInt): TBigInt;
var
  LSum: Integer;
begin
  LSum := Integer(AValue1) + Integer(AValue2);
  Result.CreateFromInt(LSum);
end;

procedure TBigInt.Add(AValue: Integer);
begin
  CopyOnWriteSharedData;

  PInteger(PtrDigits.GetData)^ := PInteger(PtrDigits.GetData)^ + AValue;
end;

procedure TBigInt.CopyOnWriteSharedData;
begin
  if PtrDigits.RefCount > 1 then
  begin
    PtrDigits := TBigIntImpl.CreateCopy(PtrDigits);
  end;
end;

constructor TBigInt.CreateFromInt(AValue: Integer);
begin
  PtrDigits := TBigIntImpl.Create;
  PtrDigits.Realloc(SizeOf(Integer));
  PInteger(PtrDigits.GetData)^ := AValue;
end;

class operator TBigInt.Implicit(AValue: TBigInt): Integer;
begin
  Result := PInteger(AValue.PtrDigits.GetData)^;
end;

在我构建建议的解决方案时编写了以下测试.他们证明:一些基本功能，写时复制可以按预期工作，并且没有内存泄漏.

The following tests were written as I built up the proposed solution. They prove: some basic functionality, that the copy-on-write works as expected, and that there are no memory leaks.

procedure TTestCopyOnWrite.TestCreateFromInt;
var
  LBigInt: TBigInt;
begin
  LBigInt.CreateFromInt(123);
  CheckEquals(123, LBigInt);
  //Dispose(PInteger(LBigInt.PtrDigits)); //I only needed this until I
                                          //started using the interface
end;

procedure TTestCopyOnWrite.TestAssignment;
var
  LValue1: TBigInt;
  LValue2: TBigInt;
begin
  LValue1.CreateFromInt(123);
  LValue2 := LValue1;
  CheckEquals(123, LValue2);
end;

procedure TTestCopyOnWrite.TestAddMethod;
var
  LValue1: TBigInt;
begin
  LValue1.CreateFromInt(123);
  LValue1.Add(111);

  CheckEquals(234, LValue1);
end;

procedure TTestCopyOnWrite.TestOperatorAdd;
var
  LValue1: TBigInt;
  LValue2: TBigInt;
  LActualResult: TBigInt;
begin
  LValue1.CreateFromInt(123);
  LValue2.CreateFromInt(111);

  LActualResult := LValue1 + LValue2;

  CheckEquals(234, LActualResult);
end;

procedure TTestCopyOnWrite.TestCopyOnWrite;
var
  LValue1: TBigInt;
  LValue2: TBigInt;
begin
  LValue1.CreateFromInt(123);
  LValue2 := LValue1;

  LValue1.Add(111); { If CopyOnWrite, then LValue2 should not change }

  CheckEquals(234, LValue1);
  CheckEquals(123, LValue2);
end;

编辑

添加了一个测试，该测试表明将TBigInt作为值参数用于过程.

Edit

Added a test demonstrating use of TBigInt as value parameter to a procedure.

procedure TTestCopyOnWrite.TestValueParameter;
  procedure CheckValueParameter(ABigInt: TBigInt);
  begin
    CheckEquals(2, ABigInt.PtrDigits.RefCount);
    CheckEquals(123, ABigInt);
    ABigInt.Add(111);
    CheckEquals(234, ABigInt);
    CheckEquals(1, ABigInt.PtrDigits.RefCount);
  end;
var
  LValue: TBigInt;
begin
  LValue.CreateFromInt(123);
  CheckValueParameter(LValue);
end;

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08-18 13:08
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