在 Python 中的另一个类中定义一个类是否有好处?

问题描述

我在这里谈论的是嵌套类.本质上，我有两个正在建模的类.一个 DownloadManager 类和一个 DownloadThread 类.这里明显的 OOP 概念是组合.然而，组合并不一定意味着嵌套，对吗?

What I'm talking about here are nested classes. Essentially, I have two classes that I'm modeling. A DownloadManager class and a DownloadThread class. The obvious OOP concept here is composition. However, composition doesn't necessarily mean nesting, right?

我的代码看起来像这样:

I have code that looks something like this:

class DownloadThread:
    def foo(self):
        pass

class DownloadManager():
    def __init__(self):
        dwld_threads = []
    def create_new_thread():
        dwld_threads.append(DownloadThread())

但现在我想知道是否存在嵌套会更好的情况.类似的东西:

But now I'm wondering if there's a situation where nesting would be better. Something like:

class DownloadManager():
    class DownloadThread:
        def foo(self):
            pass
    def __init__(self):
        dwld_threads = []
    def create_new_thread():
        dwld_threads.append(DownloadManager.DownloadThread())

推荐答案

当内部"类是一次性的，永远不会在定义之外使用时，您可能想要这样做外部类.例如使用元类，有时很方便

You might want to do this when the "inner" class is a one-off, which will never be used outside the definition of the outer class. For example to use a metaclass, it's sometimes handy to do

class Foo(object):
    class __metaclass__(type):
        ....

如果你只使用一次，而不是单独定义一个元类.

instead of defining a metaclass separately, if you're only using it once.

唯一一次我使用这样的嵌套类时，我仅将外部类用作命名空间，将一堆密切相关的类组合在一起:

The only other time I've used nested classes like that, I used the outer class only as a namespace to group a bunch of closely related classes together:

class Group(object):
    class cls1(object):
       ...

    class cls2(object):
       ...

然后从另一个模块中，您可以导入 Group 并将它们称为 Group.cls1、Group.cls2 等.然而，有人可能会争辩说，您可以通过使用一个模块来完成完全相同的工作(也许以一种不那么令人困惑的方式).

Then from another module, you can import Group and refer to these as Group.cls1, Group.cls2 etc. However one might argue that you can accomplish exactly the same (perhaps in a less confusing way) by using a module.

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