问题描述
我是PostgreSQL的新手,我的问题类似于此处的问题:
I am new to PostgreSQL and my question is similar to the one here: link
例如,我有下表:
| id | vector |
| 1 | { 1.43, 3.54, 5.55} |
| 2 | { 4.46, 5.56, 4.55} |
| 3 | { 7.48, 2.54, 4.55} |
| 4 | { 2.44, 2.34, 4.55} |
示例查询类似于
SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE vector CLOSEST('{1.23, 4.43, 4.63}')
应该以排序的方式返回结果行,其中我使用自定义的Distance-function确定最接近的向量,例如
Should return resulting rows in a sorted fashion, where I determine the "closest" vector using a custom Distance-function e.g. calc_l2norm( double precision[], double precision[] ) which returns the Euclidean Distance.
推荐答案
通常来说,您可以解决这种类型的问题。calc_l2norm(double precision [],double precision [])返回欧几里得距离。通过使用用Java或Scala编写的存储函数来解决问题(有些人可能更喜欢PL / SQL,C或C ++)。
Generally speaking you can solve this type of problems by using a stored function, written in Java or Scala (some might prefer PL/SQL, C or C++).
PostgreSql支持(基于Java的)存储函数,因此,让SQL查询获取数据,并将其传递给存储的函数。存储的函数返回距离,因此您可以对其进行过滤/排序。
PostgreSql supports (Java based) stored functions, so let the SQL query fetch the data, and pass it to a stored function. The stored function returns the distance, so you can filter/sort etc. on it.
基于这样的表
create table point(vector float8[]);
insert into point values('{0.0, 0.0, 0.0}');
insert into point values('{0.5, 0.5, 0.5}');
具有如下Java函数:
with a Java function like this:
public class PlJava {
public final static double distance2(double[] v1, double[] v2) {
return Math.sqrt(Math.pow(v2[0] - v1[0], 2)
+ Math.pow(v2[1] - v1[1], 2) + Math.pow(v2[2] - v1[2], 2));
}
}
以及SQL中的函数声明:
and the function declaration in SQL:
CREATE FUNCTION pljava.distance2(float8[], float8[])
RETURNS float8
AS 'PlJava.distance2'
IMMUTABLE
LANGUAGE java;
您的查询可能看起来像这样:
your query could look like this:
select
point.*,
pljava.distance2(vector, '{1.0, 1.0, 1.0}') as dist
from
point
order by
dist;
这将导致
vector | dist
---------------+-------------------
{0.5,0.5,0.5} | 0.866025403784439
{0,0,0} | 1.73205080756888
更新
存储的函数也可以用C和C ++编写。 C ++需要更多的精力,因为PostgreSql的接口使用的是C调用约定。请参见
Stored functions can be written in C and C++ as well. C++ requires more effort, because the interface to PostgreSql is using the C calling convention. See Using C++ for Extensibility
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