为什么C ++ 11引入了委托构造函数？

问题描述

我不明白委派构造函数的用处。简而言之，如果没有委托的构造函数是无法实现的？

I cannot understand what the use is of delegating constructors. Simply, what cannot be achieve without having delegating constructors?

它可以做一些简单的事情

It can do something simple like this

class M
{
 int x, y;
 char *p;
public:
 M(int v) : x(v), y(0), p(new char [MAX]) {}
 M(): M(0) {cout<<"delegating ctor"<<endl;}
};

但是我不认为有必要为这种简单的功能引入新功能吗？可能是我无法理解重点。知道吗？

But I don't see it is worth introduce a new feature for such a simple thing? May be I couldn't recognize the important point. Any idea?

推荐答案

委派构造函数可以防止代码重复（以及随之而来的所有可能的错误和缺陷：增加维护，减少可读性...），这是一件好事。

Delegating constructors prevent code duplication (and all the possible errors and flaws that come with it : increased maintenance, decreased readability...), which is a good thing.

这也是委派初始化列表（用于成员和基础初始化）的唯一方法，即，您真的不能通过共享<$ c来替换此功能$ c> Init（）方法供您的构造函数使用。

It is also the only way to delegate the initialization list (for members and bases initializations), i.e. you really can't replace this feature by having a shared Init() method for your constructors.

示例：

1）来自：

class X {
 X( int, W& );
 Y y_;
 Z z_;
public:
 X();
 X( int );
 X( W& );
};
X::X( int i, W& e ) : y_(i), z_(e) { /*Common Init*/ }
X::X() : X( 42, 3.14 )             { SomePostInitialization(); }
X::X( int i ) : X( i, 3.14 )       { OtherPostInitialization(); }
X::X( W& w ) : X( 53, w )          { /* no post-init */ }

2）具有构造函数和复制构造函数的委托，也：

2) Delegation with both constructor and copy constructor, also from N1986 proposal :

class FullName {
 string firstName_;
 string middleName_;
 string lastName_;

public:
 FullName(string firstName, string middleName, string lastName);
 FullName(string firstName, string lastName);
 FullName(const FullName& name);
};
FullName::FullName(string firstName, string middleName, string lastName)
 : firstName_(firstName), middleName_(middleName), lastName_(lastName)
{
 // ...
}
// delegating copy constructor
FullName::FullName(const FullName& name)
 : FullName(name.firstName_, name.middleName_, name.lastName_)
{
 // ...
}
// delegating constructor
FullName::FullName(string firstName, string lastName)
 : FullName(firstName, "", lastName)
{
 // ...
}

3） ，由构造函数执行参数验证（如前所述，这种设计值得商））：

3) MSDN gives this example, with constructors performing argument validation (as commented, this design is debatable) :

class class_c {
public:
    int max;
    int min;
    int middle;

    class_c() {}
    class_c(int my_max) {
        max = my_max > 0 ? my_max : 10;
    }
    class_c(int my_max, int my_min) {
        max = my_max > 0 ? my_max : 10;
        min = my_min > 0 && my_min < max ? my_min : 1;
    }
    class_c(int my_max, int my_min, int my_middle) {
        max = my_max > 0 ? my_max : 10;
        min = my_min > 0 && my_min < max ? my_min : 1;
        middle = my_middle < max && my_middle > min ? my_middle : 5;
    }
};

感谢构造函数委派，它减少为：

Thanks to constructors delegation, it reduces to :

class class_c {
public:
    int max;
    int min;
    int middle;

    class_c(int my_max) {
        max = my_max > 0 ? my_max : 10;
    }
    class_c(int my_max, int my_min) : class_c(my_max) {
        min = my_min > 0 && my_min < max ? my_min : 1;
    }
    class_c(int my_max, int my_min, int my_middle) : class_c (my_max, my_min){
        middle = my_middle < max && my_middle > min ? my_middle : 5;
}
};

---

链接：

• Delegating Constructors (r3) Proposal - N1986
• Stroustrup C++ FAQ : Delegating constructors

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