我需要TThreads吗？如果是这样，我可以暂停，恢复并停止他们？

问题描述

我一直想知道有没有更好的方法，我应该写一些我的程序，特别是那些需要很长时间才能完成的程序。

我有总是从主GUI线程运行所有的东西，我现在明白并认识到这是坏的，因为它会使应用程序无响应， Application.ProcessMessages 在这里不会真的有帮助。

这使我觉得我需要使用TThreads来进行冗长的操作，例如复制一个文件。这也让我想知道一些应用程序如何为您提供完全控制，例如允许您暂停，恢复和/或停止操作。

我有一个长时间的操作个人项目我正在工作，我显示一个对话窗体与TProgressBar。虽然这样做有效，但我觉得可以做得更好。这些进度对话框可能会显示很长时间，您可能希望取消操作，然后稍后完成此工作。

正如我所说，目前我正在运行主要的线程，我需要使用TThreads吗？我不知道如何或在哪里开始实施它们，因为我以前没有和他们一起工作。如果我需要线程，他们会提供我所需要的，如暂停，恢复，停止操作等？

基本上我正在寻找一种更好的处理和管理冗长的方法

解决方案

是的，这绝对是您需要线程来完成任务的情况。

一个例子如何暂停/恢复线程并取消线程。

进度通过PostMessage调用发送到主线程。
暂停/恢复和取消使用 TSimpleEvent 信号进行。

编辑： / strong>根据@mghie的评论，这里是一个更完整的例子：

编辑2：显示如何传递一个程序

编辑3：添加了更多功能和测试单元。

  unit WorkerThread; 
 
界面
 
使用Windows，Classes，SyncObjs; 
 
 type 
 TWorkFunction = function：对象的布尔值; 
 
 TWorkerThread = Class（TThread）
 private 
 FCancelFlag：TSimpleEvent; 
 FDoWorkFlag：TSimpleEvent; 
 FOwnerFormHandle：HWND; 
 FWorkFunc：TWorkFunction; //函数调用方法
 FCallbackMsg：integer; // PostMessage id 
 FProgress：integer; 
 procedure SetPaused（doPause：boolean）; 
函数GetPaused：boolean; 
程序执行;覆盖
 public 
构造函数Create（WindowHandle：HWND; callbackMsg：integer; 
 myWorkFunc：TWorkFunction）; 
破坏者破坏;覆盖
函数StartNewWork（newWorkFunc：TWorkFunction）：boolean; 
属性Paused：boolean读取GetPaused写SetPaused; 
结束
 
实现
 
构造函数TWorkerThread.Create（WindowHandle：HWND; callbackMsg：integer; 
 myWorkFunc：TWorkFunction）; 
 begin 
继承Create（false）; 
 FOwnerFormHandle：= WindowHandle; 
 FDoWorkFlag：= TSimpleEvent.Create; 
 FCancelFlag：= TSimpleEvent.Create; 
 FWorkFunc：= myWorkFunc; 
 FCallbackMsg：= callbackMsg; 
 Self.FreeOnTerminate：= false; //线程破坏的主线程控件
如果分配（FWorkFunc）然后
 FDoWorkFlag.SetEvent; //启动工作
 end; 
 
析构函数TWorkerThread.Destroy; // Call MyWorkerThread.Free取消线程
 begin 
 FDoWorkFlag.ResetEvent; //停止正在进行的工作
 FCancelFlag.SetEvent; //设置取消标志
 Waitfor; // Synchronize 
 FCancelFlag.Free; 
 FDoWorkFlag.Free; 
继承; 
结束
 
程序TWorkerThread.SetPaused（doPause：boolean）; 
 begin 
如果doPause然后
 FDoWorkFlag.ResetEvent 
 else 
 FDoWorkFlag.SetEvent; 
结束
 
函数TWorkerThread.StartNewWork（newWorkFunc：TWorkFunction）：boolean; 
 begin 
结果：= Self.Paused; //必须暂停！ 
如果结果然后
开始
 FWorkFunc：= newWorkFunc; 
 FProgress：= 0; //重新进行计数器
如果已分配（FWorkFunc）然后
 FDoWorkFlag.SetEvent; //开始工作
 end; 
结束
 
程序TWorkerThread.Execute; 
 { -  PostMessage LParam：
 0：正在进行中，进度计数器在WParam 
 1：工作就绪
 2：线程正在关闭
} 
 var 
 readyFlag：boolean; 
 waitList：数组[0 .. 1]的THandle; 
 begin 
 FProgress：= 0; 
 waitList [0]：= FDoWorkFlag.Handle; 
 waitList [1]：= FCancelFlag.Handle; 
而不是终止do 
 begin 
 if（WaitForMultipleObjects（2，@waitList [0]，false，INFINITE）
 WAIT_OBJECT_0）then 
 break; //当FCancelFlag发出信号时终止线程
 //做一些工作
 readyFlag：= FWorkFunc; 
如果readyFlag然后//工作完成，暂停线程
 Self.Paused：= true; 
 Inc（FProgress）; 
 //通知主线程关于进度
 PostMessage（FOwnerFormHandle，FCallbackMsg，WPARAM（FProgress），
 LPARAM（readyFlag））; 
结束
 PostMessage（FOwnerFormHandle，FCallbackMsg，0，LPARAM（2））; //关闭线程
 end; 
 
函数TWorkerThread.GetPaused：boolean; 
 begin 
结果：=（FDoWorkFlag.Waitfor（0）<" wrSi​​gnaled）; 
结束
 
结束。 
  

只需调用 MyThread.Paused：= true 暂停和 MyThread.Paused：= false 恢复线程操作。

要取消线程，请调用 MyThread.Free 。

要从线程接收已发布的消息，请参见以下示例：

$ b单位Unit1;
$ b

  
 
接口
 
使用
 Winapi.Windows，Winapi.Messages，System.SysUtils，System.Variants，
 System.Classes，Vcl.Graphics， 
 Vcl.Controls，Vcl.Forms，Vcl.Dialogs，Vcl.StdCtrls，WorkerThread; 
 
 const 
 WM_MyProgress = WM_USER + 0; //唯一的消息id 
 
 type 
 TForm1 = class（TForm）
 Label1：TLabel; 
 btnStartTask：TButton; 
 btnPauseResume：TButton; 
 btnCancelTask​​：TButton; 
 Label2：TLabel; 
 procedure btnStartTaskClick（Sender：TObject）; 
 procedure btnPauseResumeClick（Sender：TObject）; 
 procedure btnCancelTask​​Click（Sender：TObject）; 
 private 
 {私有声明} 
 MyThread：TWorkerThread; 
 workLoopIx：integer; 
 
函数HeavyWork：boolean; 
 procedure OnMyProgressMsg（var Msg：TMessage）;消息WM_MyProgress; 
 public 
 {公开声明} 
 end; 
 
 var 
 Form1：TForm1; 
 
执行
 
 {$ R * .dfm} 
 
 {TForm1} 
 const 
 cWorkLoopMax = 500; 
 
函数TForm1.HeavyWork：boolean; //准备好时
 var 
 i，j：integer; 
 begin 
 j：= 0; 
 for i：= 0至10000000 do 
 Inc（j）; 
 Inc（workLoopIx）; 
结果：=（workLoopIx> = cWorkLoopMax）; 
结束
 
程序TForm1.btnStartTaskClick（Sender：TObject）; 
 begin 
如果没有分配（MyThread）然后
 begin 
 workLoopIx：= 0; 
 btnStartTask.Enabled：= false; 
 btnPauseResume.Enabled：= true; 
 btnCancelTask​​.Enabled：= true; 
 MyThread：= TWorkerThread.Create（Self.Handle，WM_MyProgress，HeavyWork）; 
结束
结束
 
程序TForm1.btnPauseResumeClick（Sender：TObject）; 
 begin 
如果分配（MyThread）然后
 MyThread.Paused：=不是MyThread.Paused; 
结束
 
程序TForm1.btnCancelTask​​Click（Sender：TObject）; 
开始
如果分配（MyThread）然后
开始
 FreeAndNil（MyThread）; 
 btnStartTask.Enabled：= true; 
 btnPauseResume.Enabled：= false; 
 btnCancelTask​​.Enabled：= false; 
结束
结束
 
程序TForm1.OnMyProgressMsg（var Msg：TMessage）; 
 begin 
 Msg.Msg：= 1; 
 case Msg.LParam 
 0：
 Label1.Caption：=格式（'％5.1f %%'，[100.0 * Msg.WParam / cWorkLoopMax]）; 
 1：
 begin 
 Label1.Caption：='Task done'; 
 btnCancelTask​​Click（Self）; 
结束
 2：
 Label1.Caption：=任务终止; 
结束
结束
 
结束。 
  

表单：

 对象Form1：TForm1 
 Left = 0 
顶部= 0 
 Caption ='Form1'
 ClientHeight = 163 
 ClientWidth = 328 
 Color = clBtnFace 
 Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET 
 Font.Color = clWindowText 
 Font.Height = -13 
 Font.Name ='Tahoma'
字体。 Style = [] 
 OldCreateOrder = False 
 PixelsPerInch = 120 
 TextHeight = 16 
对象Label1：TLabel 
左= 79 
顶部= 18 
宽度= 51 
高度= 16 
标题='任务空闲'
结束
对象Label2：TLabel 
左= 32 
顶部= 18 
宽度= 41 
高度= 16 
 Caption ='状态：'
结束
对象btnStartTask：TButton 
左= 32 
顶部= 40 
宽度= 137 
高度= 25 
 Caption ='开始'
 TabOrder = 0 
 OnClick = btnStartTaskClick 
 end 
对象btn PauseResume：TButton 
 Left = 32 
顶部= 71 
宽度= 137 
高度= 25 
 Caption ='暂停/恢复'
启用= False 
 TabOrder = 1 
 OnClick = btnPauseResumeClick 
 end 
对象btnCancelTask​​：TButton 
 Left = 32 
顶部= 102 
宽度= 137 
 Height = 25 
 Caption ='取消'
启用= False 
 TabOrder = 2 
 OnClick = btnCancelTask​​Click 
 end 
 end 
  




I've always wondered is there a better way that I should be writing some of my procedures, particularly ones that take a long time to finish.

I have always run everything off the Main GUI Thread which I now understand and realise is bad because it will make the Application unresponsive, Application.ProcessMessages will not really help here.

This makes me think I need to use TThreads for lengthy operations such as copying a file for example. This is also made me wonder how some Applications give you full control, eg allow you to pause, resume and or stop the operation.

I have about 3 lengthy operations in a personal project I am working on which I display a dialog form with a TProgressBar on. Whilst this does work, I feel it could be done much better. These progress dialogs could be shown for such a long time that you may want to cancel the operation and instead finish the job later.

As I said, currently I am running of the Main Gui Thread, do I instead need to use TThreads? I am not sure how or where to start implementing them as I have not worked with them before. If I do need threads do they offer what I need such as pausing, resuming, stopping an operation etc?

Basically I am looking for a better way of handling and managing lengthy operations.

解决方案

Yes, this is definitely a case where you need a thread to do the task.

A little example how to pause/resume a thread and cancel the thread.

Progress is sent to the main thread through a PostMessage call.The pause/resume and cancel are made with TSimpleEvent signals.

Edit: As per the comments from @mghie, here is a more complete example:

Edit 2: Showing how to pass a procedure for the thread to call for the heavy work.

Edit 3: Added some more features and a test unit.

unit WorkerThread;

interface

uses Windows, Classes, SyncObjs;

type
  TWorkFunction = function: boolean of object;

  TWorkerThread = Class(TThread)
  private
    FCancelFlag: TSimpleEvent;
    FDoWorkFlag: TSimpleEvent;
    FOwnerFormHandle: HWND;
    FWorkFunc: TWorkFunction; // Function method to call
    FCallbackMsg: integer; // PostMessage id
    FProgress: integer;
    procedure SetPaused(doPause: boolean);
    function GetPaused: boolean;
    procedure Execute; override;
  public
    Constructor Create(WindowHandle: HWND; callbackMsg: integer;
      myWorkFunc: TWorkFunction);
    Destructor Destroy; override;
    function StartNewWork(newWorkFunc: TWorkFunction): boolean;
    property Paused: boolean read GetPaused write SetPaused;
  end;

implementation

constructor TWorkerThread.Create(WindowHandle: HWND; callbackMsg: integer;
  myWorkFunc: TWorkFunction);
begin
  inherited Create(false);
  FOwnerFormHandle := WindowHandle;
  FDoWorkFlag := TSimpleEvent.Create;
  FCancelFlag := TSimpleEvent.Create;
  FWorkFunc := myWorkFunc;
  FCallbackMsg := callbackMsg;
  Self.FreeOnTerminate := false; // Main thread controls for thread destruction
  if Assigned(FWorkFunc) then
    FDoWorkFlag.SetEvent; // Activate work at start
end;

destructor TWorkerThread.Destroy; // Call MyWorkerThread.Free to cancel the thread
begin
  FDoWorkFlag.ResetEvent; // Stop ongoing work
  FCancelFlag.SetEvent; // Set cancel flag
  Waitfor; // Synchronize
  FCancelFlag.Free;
  FDoWorkFlag.Free;
  inherited;
end;

procedure TWorkerThread.SetPaused(doPause: boolean);
begin
  if doPause then
    FDoWorkFlag.ResetEvent
  else
    FDoWorkFlag.SetEvent;
end;

function TWorkerThread.StartNewWork(newWorkFunc: TWorkFunction): boolean;
begin
  Result := Self.Paused; // Must be paused !
  if Result then
  begin
    FWorkFunc := newWorkFunc;
    FProgress := 0; // Reset progress counter
    if Assigned(FWorkFunc) then
      FDoWorkFlag.SetEvent; // Start work
  end;
end;

procedure TWorkerThread.Execute;
{- PostMessage LParam:
  0 : Work in progress, progress counter in WParam
  1 : Work is ready
  2 : Thread is closing
}
var
  readyFlag: boolean;
  waitList: array [0 .. 1] of THandle;
begin
  FProgress := 0;
  waitList[0] := FDoWorkFlag.Handle;
  waitList[1] := FCancelFlag.Handle;
  while not Terminated do
  begin
    if (WaitForMultipleObjects(2, @waitList[0], false, INFINITE) <>
      WAIT_OBJECT_0) then
      break; // Terminate thread when FCancelFlag is signaled
    // Do some work
    readyFlag := FWorkFunc;
    if readyFlag then // work is done, pause thread
      Self.Paused := true;
    Inc(FProgress);
    // Inform main thread about progress
    PostMessage(FOwnerFormHandle, FCallbackMsg, WPARAM(FProgress),
      LPARAM(readyFlag));
  end;
  PostMessage(FOwnerFormHandle, FCallbackMsg, 0, LPARAM(2)); // Closing thread
end;

function TWorkerThread.GetPaused: boolean;
begin
  Result := (FDoWorkFlag.Waitfor(0) <> wrSignaled);
end;

end.

Just call MyThread.Paused := true to pause and MyThread.Paused := false to resume the thread operation.

To cancel the thread, call MyThread.Free.

To receive the posted messages from the thread, see following example:

unit Unit1;

interface

uses
  Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages, System.SysUtils, System.Variants,
  System.Classes, Vcl.Graphics,
  Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Dialogs, Vcl.StdCtrls, WorkerThread;

const
  WM_MyProgress = WM_USER + 0; // The unique message id

type
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    Label1: TLabel;
    btnStartTask: TButton;
    btnPauseResume: TButton;
    btnCancelTask: TButton;
    Label2: TLabel;
    procedure btnStartTaskClick(Sender: TObject);
    procedure btnPauseResumeClick(Sender: TObject);
    procedure btnCancelTaskClick(Sender: TObject);
  private
    { Private declarations }
    MyThread: TWorkerThread;
    workLoopIx: integer;

    function HeavyWork: boolean;
    procedure OnMyProgressMsg(var Msg: TMessage); message WM_MyProgress;
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;

var
  Form1: TForm1;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

{ TForm1 }
const
  cWorkLoopMax = 500;

function TForm1.HeavyWork: boolean; // True when ready
var
  i, j: integer;
begin
  j := 0;
  for i := 0 to 10000000 do
    Inc(j);
  Inc(workLoopIx);
  Result := (workLoopIx >= cWorkLoopMax);
end;

procedure TForm1.btnStartTaskClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
  if not Assigned(MyThread) then
  begin
    workLoopIx := 0;
    btnStartTask.Enabled := false;
    btnPauseResume.Enabled := true;
    btnCancelTask.Enabled := true;
    MyThread := TWorkerThread.Create(Self.Handle, WM_MyProgress, HeavyWork);
  end;
end;

procedure TForm1.btnPauseResumeClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
  if Assigned(MyThread) then
    MyThread.Paused := not MyThread.Paused;
end;

procedure TForm1.btnCancelTaskClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
  if Assigned(MyThread) then
  begin
    FreeAndNil(MyThread);
    btnStartTask.Enabled := true;
    btnPauseResume.Enabled := false;
    btnCancelTask.Enabled := false;
  end;
end;

procedure TForm1.OnMyProgressMsg(var Msg: TMessage);
begin
  Msg.Msg := 1;
  case Msg.LParam of
    0:
      Label1.Caption := Format('%5.1f %%', [100.0 * Msg.WParam / cWorkLoopMax]);
    1:
      begin
        Label1.Caption := 'Task done';
        btnCancelTaskClick(Self);
      end;
    2:
      Label1.Caption := 'Task terminated';
  end;
end;

end.

And the form:

object Form1: TForm1
  Left = 0
  Top = 0
  Caption = 'Form1'
  ClientHeight = 163
  ClientWidth = 328
  Color = clBtnFace
  Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET
  Font.Color = clWindowText
  Font.Height = -13
  Font.Name = 'Tahoma'
  Font.Style = []
  OldCreateOrder = False
  PixelsPerInch = 120
  TextHeight = 16
  object Label1: TLabel
    Left = 79
    Top = 18
    Width = 51
    Height = 16
    Caption = 'Task idle'
  end
  object Label2: TLabel
    Left = 32
    Top = 18
    Width = 41
    Height = 16
    Caption = 'Status:'
  end
  object btnStartTask: TButton
    Left = 32
    Top = 40
    Width = 137
    Height = 25
    Caption = 'Start'
    TabOrder = 0
    OnClick = btnStartTaskClick
  end
  object btnPauseResume: TButton
    Left = 32
    Top = 71
    Width = 137
    Height = 25
    Caption = 'Pause/Resume'
    Enabled = False
    TabOrder = 1
    OnClick = btnPauseResumeClick
  end
  object btnCancelTask: TButton
    Left = 32
    Top = 102
    Width = 137
    Height = 25
    Caption = 'Cancel'
    Enabled = False
    TabOrder = 2
    OnClick = btnCancelTaskClick
  end
end

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