SQL:返回列名称，其中列包含给定值

问题描述

我想知道是否有我可以在 SQL Server 中运行的命令/存储过程，它会给我包含表中给定数据的列的名称.

i was wondering if there was a command/stored proc i can run in SQL Server that will give me the names of columns that contain given data within a table.

因此，如果我要查询，请给我此表中包含值 75 的所有列.我不想要该行.只是表中的列名...这可能吗?

So if i was to query, give me all the columns in this table, that contain the value 75. i wouldnt want the row. just the column name within the table... is this possible?

推荐答案

-- input parameters (guessing on type for @value):

DECLARE
  @schema SYSNAME = N'dbo',
  @table  SYSNAME = N'z',
  @value  VARCHAR(64) = '75';


-- now, inside the procedure body:

DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'SELECT ''cols:'' + STUFF(''''';

SELECT @sql += N'
  + CASE WHEN EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM '
  + QUOTENAME(@schema) + '.' + QUOTENAME(@table)
  + ' WHERE TRY_CONVERT(VARCHAR(64), ' + QUOTENAME(c.name)
  + ') = @value) THEN '', ' + c.name + ''' ELSE '''' END'
FROM sys.tables AS t
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS c
ON t.[object_id] = c.[object_id]
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS s
ON t.[schema_id] = s.[schema_id]
WHERE t.name = @table AND s.name = @schema;

SET @sql += N', 1, 1, '''');'

PRINT @sql;

--EXEC sp_executesql @sql, N'@value VARCHAR(64)', @value;

当您对输出感到满意时，取消注释 EXEC.

When you are happy with the output, uncomment the EXEC.

让我们考虑一个简单的表格:

So let's consider a simple table:

CREATE TABLE dbo.floob
(
  a INT,
  b VARCHAR(32),
  c VARBINARY(22),
  d DATE,
  e DATETIME,
  f ROWVERSION
);

INSERT dbo.floob(a,b,c,d,e) VALUES
( 75, 'foo', 0x00, GETDATE(), GETDATE()),
( 21, '75',  0x00, GETDATE(), GETDATE());

现在，一个基于上述代码的存储过程:

Now, a stored procedure based on the above code:

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.FindStringInAnyColumn
  @schema SYSNAME = N'dbo',
  @table  SYSNAME,
  @value  VARCHAR(64)
AS
BEGIN
  SET NOCOUNT ON;

  DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'SELECT ''cols:'' + STUFF(''''';

  SELECT @sql += N'
    + CASE WHEN EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM '
    + QUOTENAME(@schema) + '.' + QUOTENAME(@table)
    + ' WHERE TRY_CONVERT(VARCHAR(64), ' + QUOTENAME(c.name)
    + ') = @value) THEN '', ' + c.name + ''' ELSE '''' END'
  FROM sys.tables AS t
  INNER JOIN sys.columns AS c
  ON t.[object_id] = c.[object_id]
  INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS s
  ON t.[schema_id] = s.[schema_id]
  WHERE t.name = @table AND s.name = @schema;

  SET @sql += N', 1, 1, '''');'

  EXEC sp_executesql @sql, N'@value VARCHAR(64)', @value;
END
GO

示例用法:

EXEC dbo.FindStringInAnyColumn @table = N'floob', @value = '75';

输出:

Cols: a, b

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