如何创建一个bash脚本接受参数？

问题描述

我已经知道getopts的，这是好的，但很烦人，你必须有一个标志，甚至是强制性的参数。

I already know about getopts, and this is fine, but it is annoying that you have to have a flag even for mandatory arguments.

在理想情况下，我希望能够有接收这种形式参数的脚本：

Ideally, I'd like to be able to have a script which receives arguments in this form:

script.sh [optional arguments] [anything required]

例如：

script.sh -rvx output_file.txt

该脚本说，你必须有一个输出文件。有没有简单的方法来做到这一点？

where the script says you HAVE to have an output file. Is there any easy way to do this?

据我所知，有getopts的那就要看起来像： script.sh -rvx -f output_file.txt ，那就是不是很干净。

As far as I know, with getopts it would have to look like: script.sh -rvx -f output_file.txt, and that is just not very clean.

我也可以根据需要使用Python，但只有2.4可用，这是一个有点过时了。

I can also use python if necessary, but only have 2.4 available, which is a bit dated.

推荐答案

不要使用getopts的内置，使用的getopt（1）代替。他们是（巧妙地）不同，做不同的事情做好。对于你的情况，你可以这样做：

Don't use the getopts builtin, use getopt(1) instead. They are (subtly) different and do different things well. For you scenario you could do this:

#!/bin/bash

eval set -- $(getopt -n $0 -o "-rvxl:" -- "$@")

declare r v x l
declare -a files
while [ $# -gt 0 ] ; do
        case "$1" in
                -r) r=1 ; shift ;;
                -v) v=1 ; shift ;;
                -x) x=1 ; shift ;;
                -l) shift ; l="$1" ; shift ;;
                --) shift ;;
                -*) echo "bad option '$1'" ; exit 1 ;;
                *) files=("${files[@]}" "$1") ; shift ;;
         esac
done

if [ ${#files} -eq 0 ] ; then
        echo output file required
        exit 1
fi

[ ! -z "$r" ] && echo "r on"
[ ! -z "$v" ] && echo "v on"
[ ! -z "$x" ] && echo "x on"

[ ! -z "$l" ] && echo "l == $l"

echo "output file(s): ${files[@]}"

编辑：完整性我提供的处理需要一个参数的选项为例

for completeness I have provided an example of handling an option requiring an argument.

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