在JavaScript正则表达式中链接多个正向前瞻

问题描述

我是学习正则表达式的新手，我遇到了使用正向前瞻来验证密码。

I'm new to learning Regular Expressions, and I came across this answer which uses positive lookahead to validate passwords.

正则表达式是 - （/^(?=.*\d)(?=.*[az])(?=.*[AZ])[0-9a-zA-Z]{8,}$/)以及用户提供的细分是 -

The regular expression is - (/^(?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])[0-9a-zA-Z]{8,}$/) and the breakdown provided by the user is -

(/^
(?=.*\d)                //should contain at least one digit
(?=.*[a-z])             //should contain at least one lower case
(?=.*[A-Z])             //should contain at least one upper case
[a-zA-Z0-9]{8,}         //should contain at least 8 from the mentioned characters
$/)

但是，我不太清楚将多个前瞻链接在一起。根据我所学到的，正向前瞻检查表达式是否后跟前瞻中指定的内容。例如，这个说 -

However, I'm not very clear on chaining multiple lookaheads together. From what I have learned, a positive lookahead checks if the expression is followed by what is specified in the lookahead. As an example, this answer says -

所以，我的问题是个人的前瞻性如何工作？如果我将其分解 -

So, my question is how do the individual lookaheads work? If I break it down -

1. 第一部分是 ^（？=。* \ d）。这是否表示在字符串的开始处，查找任何字符的零次或多次出现，后跟1位数（从而检查是否存在1位数）？


2. 如果第一部分是正确的，那么第二部分（？=。* [az]），是否检查之后检查字符串开头的第1步，查找任何字符的零次或多次，后跟小写字母？或者两个先行者是否彼此完全无关？


3. 此外，每个前瞻周围的（）的用途是什么？它是否创建了捕获组？

1. The first part is ^(?=.*\d). Does this indicate that at the starting of the string, look for zero or more occurrences of any character, followed by 1 digit (thereby checking the presence of 1 digit)?
2. If the first part is correct, then with the second part (?=.*[a-z]), does it check that after checking for Step 1 at the start of the string, look for zero or more occurrences of any character, followed by a lowercase letter? Or are the two lookaheads completely unrelated to each other?
3. Also, what is the use of the ( ) around every lookahead? Does it create a capturing group?

我还看了关于前瞻，但它没有多大帮助。

I have also looked at the Rexegg article on lookaheads, but it didn't help much.

非常感谢任何帮助。

推荐答案

正如评论中提到的，这里的关键点不是前瞻，而是回溯：
（？=。* \ d）查找完整的行（。* ），然后回溯以找到至少一个数字（ \d ）。



---

这在不同的前瞻中重复出现，可以像这样进行优化：

As mentionned in the comments, the key point here are not the lookaheads but backtracking:(?=.*\d) looks for a complete line (.*), then backtracks to find at least one number (\d).

---

This is repeated throughout the different lookaheads and could be optimized like so:

(/^
(?=\D*\d)                // should contain at least one digit
(?=[^a-z]*[a-z])         // should contain at least one lower case
(?=[^A-Z]*[A-Z])         // should contain at least one upper case
[a-zA-Z0-9]{8,}          // should contain at least 8 from the mentioned characters
$/)

此处，对比原则适用。

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