获取最顶层窗口的 pid 和详细信息

问题描述

有谁知道如何获取顶部活动窗口的PID，然后如何使用PID获取窗口的属性?我的意思是进程名称、程序名称等属性

Does anyone know how to get the PID of the top active window and then how to get the properties of the window using the PID? I mean properties like process name, program name, etc.

我在 Linux (Ubuntu 9.10) 下使用 Qt.

I'm using Qt under Linux (Ubuntu 9.10).

推荐答案

linux 中有一个命令调用 xprop，它是一个用于在 X 服务器中显示窗口属性的实用程序.在 linux 中 xprop -root 为您提供根窗口属性以及其他活动程序.然后您可以使用以下命令获取活动窗口的 ID:

there is a command in linux call xprop which is a utility for displaying window properties in an X server. In linux xprop -root gives you the root windows properties and also other active programs. then you can get the ID of the active window using this command:

xprop -root | grep _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW(WINDOW)

要获取只是活动窗口 ID(在行的开头没有_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW(WINDOW): window id #")使用以下命令:

to get just the active window ID ( without "_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW(WINDOW): window id # " in the beginning of the line ) use this command:

xprop -root | awk '/_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW(WINDOW)/{print $NF}'

现在您可以将此命令输出保存在用户定义的变量中:

now you can save this command output in a user defined variable:

myid=xprop -root | awk '/_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW(WINDOW)/{print $NF}'

xprop 有一个属性调用 -id.此参数允许用户在命令行上选择窗口 ID.我们应该在输出中寻找 _NET_WM_PID(CARDINAL) ... 所以我们使用这个命令:

xprop have an attribute call -id. This argument allows the user to select window id on the command line. We should look for _NET_WM_PID(CARDINAL) in output ... so we use this command:

xprop -id $myid | awk '/_NET_WM_PID(CARDINAL)/{print $NF}'

这会为您提供最顶层的活动窗口进程 ID.

this gives you the topmost active window process ID.

变得更加棘手，只需 1 个命令即可完成所有事情......:

to be more trickey and do all things in just 1 command ... :

 xprop -id $(xprop -root | awk '/_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW(WINDOW)/{print $NF}') | awk '/_NET_WM_PID(CARDINAL)/{print $NF}'

现在我可以使用 popen 函数通过我的 C++ 程序(在 linux 中)运行这些命令，获取标准输出并打印或保存它.popen 创建了一个管道，以便我们可以读取我们正在调用的程序的输出.

Now I can run these commands via my C++ program ( in linux ) using popen function, grab stdout and print or save it. popen creates a pipe so we can read the output of the program we are invoking.

(您也可以使用/proc"文件系统并获取更多 PID 的详细信息 ('/proc/YOUR_PID/status'))

( you can also use '/proc' file system and get more detail of a PID ('/proc/YOUR_PID/status') )

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
using namespace std;

inline std::string exec(char* cmd) {
    FILE* pipe = popen(cmd, "r");
    if (!pipe) return "ERROR";
    char buffer[128];
    std::string result = "";
    while(!feof(pipe)) {
        if(fgets(buffer, 128, pipe) != NULL)
                result += buffer;
    }
    pclose(pipe);
    return result;
}

int main()
{
    //we uses \ instead of  (  is a escape character ) in this string
 cout << exec("xprop -id $(xprop -root | awk '/_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW\(WINDOW\)/{print $NF}') | awk '/_NET_WM_PID\(CARDINAL\)/{print $NF}'").c_str();
 return 0;
}

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