问题描述
有人能清楚地告诉我 shim 和 stub 之间的主要区别是什么吗？
Can anyone tell me very clearly what's the main difference between a shim and a stub during unit testing?
我了解模拟对象，并且阅读了有关垫片和存根的信息，但仍不清楚在哪种情况下应该使用垫片或存根。
I know about mock objects and I read about shims and stubs but it's still not clear in which context I should use a shim or a stub.
推荐答案
让我引用Martin Fowler的文章：
Let me cite Martin Fowler's article Mocks Aren't Stubs:
模拟是已预先编程的
对象，它们具有期望值，形成了
的调用规范
Mocks are [...] objects pre-programmed with expectations which form a specification of the calls they are expected to receive.
因此，如果违反了预期，模拟程序可以直接使测试失败。存根不这样做。
So mocks can directly make a test fail if an expectation is violated. Stubs don't do that.
垫片（或Moles）与它们两者的不同之处在于它们可用于替换硬编码依赖，如静态方法。您应该避免使用IMO，而应该使用重构，这样可以使这些依赖项可替换。请参阅，以进行进一步的讨论，尤其是吉姆·库珀的答案。
Shims (or Moles) differ from both of them in that they can be used to replace hard-coded dependencies like static methods. You should avoid that IMO and prefer a refactoring, which makes these dependencies replaceable. See this thread for further discussion, especially Jim Cooper's answer.
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