问题描述
我对编程&尚不陌生.我正在寻找一种更pythonic的方式来实现一些代码.这是虚拟数据:
I am fairly new to programming & am looking for a more pythonic way to implement some code. Here is dummy data:
df = pd.DataFrame({
'Category':np.random.choice( ['Group A','Group B'], 10000),
'Sub-Category':np.random.choice( ['X','Y','Z'], 10000),
'Sub-Category-2':np.random.choice( ['G','F','I'], 10000),
'Product':np.random.choice( ['Product 1','Product 2','Product 3'], 10000),
'Units_Sold':np.random.randint(1,100, size=(10000)),
'Dollars_Sold':np.random.randint(100,1000, size=10000),
'Customer':np.random.choice(pd.util.testing.rands_array(10,25,dtype='str'),10000),
'Date':np.random.choice( pd.date_range('1/1/2016','12/31/2018',
freq='D'), 10000)})
我有很多交易数据，就像我执行各种Groupby一样.我当前的解决方案是像这样制作一个主分组:
I have lots of transactional data like that that I perform various Groupby's on. My current solution is to make a master groupby like this:
master = df.groupby(['Customer','Category','Sub-Category','Product',pd.Grouper(key='Date',freq='A')])['Units_Sold'].sum()\
.unstack()
从那里，我使用.groupby(level =)函数执行各种groupby，以按照所需的方式汇总信息.我通常在每个级别上进行总结.另外，我使用以下代码的一些变体在每个级别创建小计.
From there, I perform various groupbys using .groupby(level=) function to aggregate the information in the way I'm looking for. I usually make a summary at each level. In addition, I create sub-totals at each level using some variation of the below code.
y = master.groupby(level=[0,1,2]).sum()
y.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays([
y.index.get_level_values(0),
y.index.get_level_values(1),
y.index.get_level_values(2) + ' Total',
len(y.index)*['']
])
y1 = master.groupby(level=[0,1]).sum()
y1.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays([
y1.index.get_level_values(0),
y1.index.get_level_values(1)+ ' Total',
len(y1.index)*[''],
len(y1.index)*['']
])
y2 = master.groupby(level=[0]).sum()
y2.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays([
y2.index.get_level_values(0)+ ' Total',
len(y2.index)*[''],
len(y2.index)*[''],
len(y2.index)*['']
])
pd.concat([master,y,y1,y2]).sort_index()\
.assign(Diff = lambda x: x.iloc[:,-1] - x.iloc[:,-2])\
.assign(Diff_Perc = lambda x: (x.iloc[:,-2] / x.iloc[:,-3])- 1)\
.dropna(how='all')\
这只是一个例子-我可能执行相同的练习，但是以不同的顺序执行分组.例如-接下来，我可能想按类别"，产品"，然后是客户"进行分组，所以我必须这样做: master.groupby(level = [1,3,0).sum()
This is just an example - I may perform the same exercise, but perform the groupby in a different order. For example - next I may want to group by 'Category', 'Product', then 'Customer', so I'd have to do: master.groupby(level=[1,3,0).sum()
然后，我将不得不对上述小计重复整个练习.我还经常更改时间段-可能是特定月份的年末，可能是年初至今，可能是按季度等等.
Then I will have to repeat the whole exercise for sub-totals like above. I also frequently change the time period - could be year-ending a specific month, could be year to date, could be by quarter, etc.
根据我到目前为止在编程中所学的知识(很明显，这是最少的)，您应该在每次重复代码时都编写一个函数.显然，我在&重复代码在此示例中再次说明.
From what I've learned so far in programming (which is minimal, clearly!), you should look to write a function any time you repeat code. Obviously I am repeating code over & over again in this example.
有没有一种方法可以构造一个功能，您可以在向Groupby提供级别的同时提供时间框架，同时还可以创建一个对每个级别进行小计的功能?
Is there a way to construct a function where you can provide the levels to Groupby, along with the time frame, all while creating a function for sub-totaling each level as well?
在此先感谢您提供任何指导.这是非常赞赏.
Thanks in advance for any guidance on this. It is very much appreciated.
推荐答案
对于DRY-er解决方案，请考虑将当前方法推广到已定义的模块中，该模块按日期范围过滤原始数据帧并运行汇总，并接收group_by参数中传递的级别和日期范围(后为可选):
For a DRY-er solution, consider generalizing your current method into a defined module that filters original data frame by date ranges and runs aggregations, receiving the group_by levels and date ranges (latter being optional) as passed in parameters:
方法
def multiple_agg(mylevels, start_date='2016-01-01', end_date='2018-12-31'):
filter_df = df[df['Date'].between(start_date, end_date)]
master = (filter_df.groupby(['Customer', 'Category', 'Sub-Category', 'Product',
pd.Grouper(key='Date',freq='A')])['Units_Sold']
.sum()
.unstack()
)
y = master.groupby(level=mylevels[:-1]).sum()
y.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays([
y.index.get_level_values(0),
y.index.get_level_values(1),
y.index.get_level_values(2) + ' Total',
len(y.index)*['']
])
y1 = master.groupby(level=mylevels[0:2]).sum()
y1.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays([
y1.index.get_level_values(0),
y1.index.get_level_values(1)+ ' Total',
len(y1.index)*[''],
len(y1.index)*['']
])
y2 = master.groupby(level=mylevels[0]).sum()
y2.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays([
y2.index.get_level_values(0)+ ' Total',
len(y2.index)*[''],
len(y2.index)*[''],
len(y2.index)*['']
])
final_df = (pd.concat([master,y,y1,y2])
.sort_index()
.assign(Diff = lambda x: x.iloc[:,-1] - x.iloc[:,-2])
.assign(Diff_Perc = lambda x: (x.iloc[:,-2] / x.iloc[:,-3])- 1)
.dropna(how='all')
.reorder_levels(mylevels)
)
return final_df
汇总运行 (具有不同级别和日期范围)
agg_df1 = multiple_agg([0,1,2,3])
agg_df2 = multiple_agg([1,3,0,2], '2016-01-01', '2017-12-31')
agg_df3 = multiple_agg([2,3,1,0], start_date='2017-01-01', end_date='2018-12-31')
测试 (final_df是OP的pd.concat()输出)
Testing (final_df being OP'S pd.concat() output)
# EQUALITY TESTING OF FIRST 10 ROWS
print(final_df.head(10).eq(agg_df1.head(10)))
# Date 2016-12-31 00:00:00 2017-12-31 00:00:00 2018-12-31 00:00:00 Diff Diff_Perc
# Customer Category Sub-Category Product
# 45mhn4PU1O Group A X Product 1 True True True True True
# Product 2 True True True True True
# Product 3 True True True True True
# X Total True True True True True
# Y Product 1 True True True True True
# Product 2 True True True True True
# Product 3 True True True True True
# Y Total True True True True True
# Z Product 1 True True True True True
# Product 2 True True True True True
这篇关于用Pythonic/Panda方法创建Groupby函数的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持！