未找到映像使用mysqlclient

未找到映像使用mysqlclient

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库未加载:@ rpath/libmysqlclient.21.dylib原因:未找到映像使用mysqlclient DB驱动程序和带有macOS的MySQL 8的Django迁移错误

本文介绍了库未加载:@ rpath/libmysqlclient.21.dylib原因:未找到映像使用mysqlclient DB驱动程序和带有macOS的MySQL 8的Django迁移错误的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！

问题描述

虽然从Django默认使用的默认SQLite更改为MySQL数据库，但是在尝试运行python manage.py migrate --database mysql时遇到了这个棘手的错误:

While changing to a MySQL database from the default SQLite one that Django uses by default, I ran into this tricky error while trying to run python manage.py migrate --database mysql:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 15, in <module>
    import MySQLdb as Database
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 18, in <module>
    import _mysql
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_mysql.cpython-37m-darwin.so, 2): Library not loaded: @rpath/libmysqlclient.21.dylib
  Referenced from: /Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_mysql.cpython-37m-darwin.so
  Reason: image not found

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 20, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line( sys.argv )
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 375, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 316, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 350, in execute
    self.check()
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 379, in check
    include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 59, in _run_checks
    issues = run_checks(tags=[Tags.database])
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/registry.py", line 71, in run_checks
    new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/database.py", line 9, in check_database_backends
    for conn in connections.all():
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 217, in all
    return [self[alias] for alias in self]
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 217, in <listcomp>
    return [self[alias] for alias in self]
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 202, in __getitem__
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 110, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 20, in <module>
    ) from err
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module.
Did you install mysqlclient?

我已经通过pip install mysqlclient通过mysqlclient安装了mysqlclient，并通过Homebrew和brew install mysql-connector-c通过其连接器安装了此客户端，所以这是一个令人费解的错误. 即使在按照连接器说明进行操作之后，通过修改连接器的bin文件夹中的mysql_config文件，我仍然遇到了这个问题.鉴于此连接器的已知错误的文档，这似乎与我正在运行macOS至少有某种联系.

I received this error after having already installed mysqlclient via pip install mysqlclient and its connector through Homebrew with brew install mysql-connector-c, so this is a bit of a puzzling error. Even after following the connector instructions by modifying the mysql_config file in the connector's bin folder, I still ran into this issue. This does appear to be at least somewhat related to that I'm running macOS given the documentation on this connector's known bug.

进一步检查堆栈跟踪信息时，我注意到顶部附近出现了Library not loaded: @rpath/libmysqlclient.21.dylib错误.在那之后不久，我发现了另一个可能的线索:Reason: image not found，但是我不太确定那是什么意思.

Upon inspecting my stack trace further, I noticed the Library not loaded: @rpath/libmysqlclient.21.dylib error up near the top. Shortly after that is another possible clue I found: Reason: image not found, but I'm not quite sure what that's supposed to mean.

我确实在/usr/local/Cellar/mysql-connector-c中四处查看，以查看所安装的连接器是否可能缺少任何东西，并且可以肯定的是，缺少了libmysqlclient.21.dylib文件.我假设它是文件的较早版本，因为它被命名为libmysqlclient.18.dylib.出于好奇，我复制了MySQL安装随附的.dylib，并将该副本以相同的名称移动到连接器的文件夹和/usr/local/lib中，在这里我还找到了另一个libmysqlclient.18.dylib文件.但是，我的迁移仍然失败，但是我得到了稍微不同的堆栈跟踪:

I did poke around in /usr/local/Cellar/mysql-connector-c to see if there was anything possibly missing with the connector I installed, and sure enough, the libmysqlclient.21.dylib file was missing. In its place was what I assume is an older version of the file since it was named libmysqlclient.18.dylib. Out of curiosity, I copied the .dylib that my MySQL install came with and moved that copy under the same name to the connector's folder and to /usr/local/lib where I also found another libmysqlclient.18.dylib file. However, my migration still failed, but I did get a slightly different stack trace:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 15, in <module>
    import MySQLdb as Database
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 18, in <module>
    import _mysql
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_mysql.cpython-37m-darwin.so, 2): Library not loaded: @rpath/libmysqlclient.21.dylib
  Referenced from: /Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_mysql.cpython-37m-darwin.so
  Reason: no suitable image found.  Did find:
    /usr/local/lib/libmysqlclient.21.dylib: file too short
    /usr/local/lib/libmysqlclient.21.dylib: file too short

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 20, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line( sys.argv )
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 375, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 316, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 350, in execute
    self.check()
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 379, in check
    include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 59, in _run_checks
    issues = run_checks(tags=[Tags.database])
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/registry.py", line 71, in run_checks
    new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/database.py", line 9, in check_database_backends
    for conn in connections.all():
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 217, in all
    return [self[alias] for alias in self]
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 217, in <listcomp>
    return [self[alias] for alias in self]
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 202, in __getitem__
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 110, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/Users/xoadra/Programming/Syntax/Python/Environments/pfitzer/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 20, in <module>
    ) from err
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module.
Did you install mysqlclient?

这一次，我收到以下错误消息:

This time I get the following error:

Reason: no suitable image found.  Did find:
        /usr/local/lib/libmysqlclient.21.dylib: file too short
        /usr/local/lib/libmysqlclient.21.dylib: file too short

这样，我怀疑问题可能与我的MySQL连接器安装的.dylib版本有关，但是我不确定如何确切地解决此问题.我确实很好奇，只是简单地复制文件就可以稍微改变堆栈跟踪，所以我想我应该对此进行更多研究.有想法吗?

With that, I suspect the problem may have something to do with the .dylib version that my MySQL connector installed with, but I'm not sure how to fix this exactly. I do find it curious that simply copying a file over managed to change my stack trace ever so slightly so I guess I ought to look into that more. Thoughts?

推荐答案

只需在/usr/local/lib中创建符号链接

Just create a symbolic link in /usr/local/lib

sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.21.dylib /usr/local/lib/libmysqlclient.21.dylib

这篇关于库未加载:@ rpath/libmysqlclient.21.dylib原因:未找到映像使用mysqlclient DB驱动程序和带有macOS的MySQL 8的Django迁移错误的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持！

08-11 00:54
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