使用lxml注释掉元素

问题描述

是否可以在保留注释内部原始元素的同时用python的lxml注释掉xml元素?我尝试了以下

Is it possible to comment out an xml element with python's lxml while preserving the original element rendering inside the comment? I tried the following

elem.getparent().replace(elem, etree.Comment(etree.tostring(elem, pretty_print=True)))

但是 tostring()添加了名称空间声明.

but tostring() adds the namespace declaration.

推荐答案

已注释掉的元素的名称空间是从根元素继承的.演示:

The namespace of the commented-out element is inherited from the root element. Demo:

from lxml import etree

XML = """
<root xmlns='foo'>
 <a>
  <b>AAA</b>
 </a>
</root>"""

root = etree.fromstring(XML)
b = root.find(".//{foo}b")
b.getparent().replace(b, etree.Comment(etree.tostring(b)))
print etree.tostring(root)

结果:

<root xmlns="foo">
 <a>
  <!--<b xmlns="foo">AAA</b>
 --></a>
</root>

操作名称空间通常比您可能想像的要难.参见 https://stackoverflow.com/a/31870245/407651 .

Manipulating namespaces is often harder than you might suspect. See https://stackoverflow.com/a/31870245/407651.

我的建议是使用 BeautifulSoup ，实际上并不真正在乎名称空间( soup.find('b')返回 b 元素，即使它位于 foo 命名空间中).

My suggestion here is to use BeautifulSoup, which in practice does not really care about namespaces (soup.find('b') returns the b element even though it is in the foo namespace).

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, Comment

soup = BeautifulSoup(XML, "xml")
b = soup.find('b')
b.replace_with(Comment(str(b)))
print soup.prettify()

结果:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<root mlns="foo">
 <a>
  <!--<b>AAA</b>-->
 </a>
</root>

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