使用 Python API 运行 ansible-playbook

问题描述

如何在 python 脚本中运行剧本?在 python 中使用 ansible 模块的以下等效项是什么:

How can I run a playbook in python script? What is the equivalent of the following using ansible module in python:

ansible -i hosts dbservers -m setup
ansible-playbook -i hosts -vvvv -k site.yml

我正在http://docs.ansible.com/developing_api.html 但他们的例子非常有限.

I was looking at their documenation in http://docs.ansible.com/developing_api.html but they have very limited examples.

推荐答案

弃用通知:这篇文章从 ansible 2 开始不起作用.API 已更改.

这在Python API"下的Ansible 文档中有介绍.

This covered in the Ansible documentation under "Python API."

例如，ansible -i hosts dbservers -m setup 是通过以下方式实现的:

For example, ansible -i hosts dbservers -m setup is implemented via:

import ansible.runner

runner = ansible.runner.Runner(
   module_name='setup',
   module_args='',
   pattern='dbservers',
)
dbservers_get_facts = runner.run()

Runner 的 __init__ 方法中有一堆未记录的参数(来自 ansible.runner).有内联列表太多，但我在这篇文章中包含了一些参数，作为对您具体要查找的内容的猜测.

There are a bunch of non-documented parameters in the __init__ method of Runner (from ansible.runner). There's too many to list inline, but I've included some of the parameters in this post as a guess to what you're specifically looking for.

class Runner(object):
    ''' core API interface to ansible '''

    # see bin/ansible for how this is used...

    def __init__(self,
        host_list=C.DEFAULT_HOST_LIST,      # ex: /etc/ansible/hosts, legacy usage
        module_path=None,                   # ex: /usr/share/ansible
        module_name=C.DEFAULT_MODULE_NAME,  # ex: copy
        module_args=C.DEFAULT_MODULE_ARGS,  # ex: "src=/tmp/a dest=/tmp/b"
        ...
        pattern=C.DEFAULT_PATTERN,          # which hosts?  ex: 'all', 'acme.example.org'
        remote_user=C.DEFAULT_REMOTE_USER,  # ex: 'username'
        remote_pass=C.DEFAULT_REMOTE_PASS,  # ex: 'password123' or None if using key
        remote_port=None,                   # if SSH on different ports
        private_key_file=C.DEFAULT_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE, # if not using keys/passwords
        sudo_pass=C.DEFAULT_SUDO_PASS,      # ex: 'password123' or None
        ...
        sudo=False,                         # whether to run sudo or not
        sudo_user=C.DEFAULT_SUDO_USER,      # ex: 'root'
        module_vars=None,                   # a playbooks internals thing
        play_vars=None,                     #
        play_file_vars=None,                #
        role_vars=None,                     #
        role_params=None,                   #
        default_vars=None,                  #
        extra_vars=None,                    # extra vars specified with he playbook(s)
        is_playbook=False,                  # running from playbook or not?
        inventory=None,                     # reference to Inventory object
        ...
        su=False,                           # Are we running our command via su?
        su_user=None,                       # User to su to when running command, ex: 'root'
        su_pass=C.DEFAULT_SU_PASS,
        vault_pass=None,
        ...
        ):

例如，上面指定 sudo 用户和密码的命令是:

For instance, the above command that specifies a sudo user and pass would be:

runner = ansible.runner.Runner(
   module_name='setup',
   module_args='',
   pattern='dbservers',
   remote_user='some_user'
   remote_pass='some_pass_or_python_expression_that_returns_a_string'
)

对于剧本，请查看 playbook.PlayBook，它采用一组类似的初始化器:

For playbooks, look into playbook.PlayBook, which takes a similar set of initializers:

class PlayBook(object):
    '''
    runs an ansible playbook, given as a datastructure or YAML filename.
    ...
    '''

    # *****************************************************

    def __init__(self,
        playbook         = None,
        host_list        = C.DEFAULT_HOST_LIST,
        module_path      = None,
        ....

并且可以使用 .run() 方法执行.例如:

and can be executed with the .run() method. e.g.:

from ansible.playbook import PlayBook
pb = PlayBook(playbook='/path/to/book.yml, --other initializers--)
pb.run()

更强大的用法可以在 ansible 中找到-playbook 文件.

more robust usage can be found in the ansible-playbook file.

据我所知，将 playbook 转换为 Python 模块要复杂一些，但上面列出的文档应该可以帮助您了解，您可以重用 Ansible 内置的 YAML 解析器将 playbook 转换为变量.

As far as I know, translating playbooks to Python modules is a bit more involved, but the documentation listed above should get you covered and you can reuse the YAML parser built into Ansible to convert playbooks to variables.

这篇关于使用 Python API 运行 ansible-playbook的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持！