调用新的 DbContext 时，DbContextOptions 中的内容是什么?

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问题描述

我没有使用 DI，只是想从我的控制器中调用 DbContext.我正在努力弄清楚选项"应该是什么?

I am not using DI and simply want to invoke a DbContext from within my controller. I am struggling to figure out what the 'options' should be?

ApplicationDbContext.cs

    public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext<ApplicationUser>
{

    public DbSet<Gig> Gigs { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Genre> Genres { get; set; }


    public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options)
        : base(options)
    {
    }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
    {
        base.OnModelCreating(builder);
        // Customize the ASP.NET Identity model and override the defaults if needed.
        // For example, you can rename the ASP.NET Identity table names and more.
        // Add your customizations after calling base.OnModelCreating(builder);
    }
}

GigsController.cs

    public class GigsController : Controller
{
    private ApplicationDbContext _context;

    public GigsController()
    {
        _context = new ApplicationDbContext();
    }


    public IActionResult Create()
    {
        var viewModel = new GigFormViewModel
        {
            Genres = _context.Genres.ToList()
        };


        return View(viewModel);
    }
}

问题出在我的 GigsController 构造函数中:

The issue is stemming in my GigsController constructor:

_context = new ApplicationDbContext();

我出错了，因为我需要将某些内容传递到 ApplicationDbContext.没有给出对应于 'ApplicationDbContext.ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions)' 的必需形式参数 'options' 的参数

I am erroring out because I need to pass something into the ApplicationDbContext. There is no argument given that corresponds to the required formal parameter 'options' of 'ApplicationDbContext.ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions)'

我尝试在从 base() 派生的 ApplicationDbContext 中创建一个默认构造函数，但这也不起作用.

I tried creating a default constructor in ApplicationDbContext derived from base(), but that didn't work either.

在我的 startup.cs 中，我已经配置了 ApplicationDbContext

In my startup.cs, I have configured the ApplicationDbContext

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        // Add framework services.
        services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
            options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));

        services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, IdentityRole>()
            .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
            .AddDefaultTokenProviders();

        services.AddMvc();

        // Add application services.
        services.AddTransient<IEmailSender, AuthMessageSender>();
        services.AddTransient<ISmsSender, AuthMessageSender>();
    }

推荐答案

如果您确实想要手动创建上下文，那么您可以配置如下:

If you really want to create the context manually, then you can configure it like this:

var optionsBuilder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<ApplicationDbContext>();
optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionStringSecureValue("DefaultConnection"));
_context = new ApplicationDbContext(optionsBuilder.Options);

(DbContextOptionsBuilder 类是 services.AddDbContext(options =>) 中 options 参数的类型.但是在控制器中，您无权访问 Configuration 对象，因此您必须将其公开为 Startup.cs 中的静态字段或使用其他一些技巧，这都是不好的做法.

(The DbContextOptionsBuilder<ApplicationDbContext> class is the type of options argument in services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>). But in the controller, you don't have access to Configuration object, so you would have to expose it as a static field in Startup.cs or use some other trick, which is all bad practice.

获取ApplicationDbContext的最佳方式是通过DI获取:

The best way to obtain ApplicationDbContext is to get it through DI:

public GigsController(ApplicationDbContext context)
{
    _context = context;
}

DI 容器将负责实例化和处理ApplicationDbContext.请注意，您已在 Startup.cs 中正确配置了所有内容:

The DI container will take care of instantiating and disposing of ApplicationDbContext. Note that you have everything correctly configured in Startup.cs:

services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
        options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));

services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, IdentityRole>()
        .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
        .AddDefaultTokenProviders();

那是在配置 DI，为什么不直接使用它呢?

That's configuring DI, so why not just use it?

关于 DbContext 的默认构造函数的更多说明:在 EF6 中它是这样完成的:public ApplicationDbContext(): base("DefaultConnection") {}.然后基础对象将使用System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager 静态类从web.config 获取名为DefaultConnection 的连接字符串.新的 Asp.net Core 和 EF Core 旨在尽可能解耦，因此不应依赖于任何配置系统.相反，您只需传递一个 DbContextOptions 对象 - 创建该对象并配置它是一个单独的问题.

One more note about the default constructor of DbContext: In EF6 it was done like this: public ApplicationDbContext(): base("DefaultConnection") {}. Then the base object would use System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager static class to obtain the connection string named DefaultConnection from web.config. The new Asp.net Core and EF Core is designed to be as much decoupled as possible, so it should not take dependencies on any configuration system. Instead, you just pass a DbContextOptions object - creating that object and configuring it is a separate concern.

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ApplicationDBContext