RSpec的加载时间在OS X上令人难以置信的长

问题描述

我们在项目中使用Mongodb和RSpec.在我的OS X机器上，单个控制器的RSpec运行在:

We use Mongodb and RSpec for our project. On my OS X machine RSpec for a single controller runs in:

Finished in 0.24996 seconds (files took 25.39 seconds to load)

另一方面，我的朋友有Ubuntu，对他来说，相同的规格可以在其中运行:

on the other hand my friend has Ubuntu and for him the same spec runs in:

Finished in 0.27996 seconds (files took 4.05 seconds to load)

在我的计算机上，加载时间延长了6倍以上.可能是什么原因?

Loading time is more than 6 times longer on my machine. What could be the reason?

P.S.不使用OS X不是解决方案:/

P.S. Not using OS X is not a solution :/

有关我们的设置的更多信息:

More information about our setup:

我们都使用ruby 2.2.我们使用cmd: bundle exec rspec

We both use ruby 2.2. We run specs via guardfile with cmd: bundle exec rspec

我的朋友使用rbenv并且which rspec返回

My friend uses rbenv and which rspec returns

"/home/dan/.rbenv/shims/rspec`

"/home/dan/.rbenv/shims/rspec`

我使用rvm，而which rspec返回:

I use rvm and which rspec returns:

$ which rspec
rspec: aliased to bundled_rspec
$ which bundled_rspec
bundled_rspec () {
    _run-with-bundler rspec $@

更新2:

我刚刚克隆了 https://github.com/eliotsykes/rspec-rails-examples并运行rspec.加载文件花费了36多秒钟的时间.因此它与mongodb不相关.我只是注意到Rails服务器的加载时间也很长.

Update 2:

I just cloned https://github.com/eliotsykes/rspec-rails-examples and ran rspec. It took over 36s to load files. So it is not mongodb related. I just noticed that rails server is also loading very long.

> time rspec -v
3.3.2

real    0m2.539s
user    0m1.067s
sys 0m0.185s

推荐答案

捆绑器

对我来说似乎有一些捆扎机的装载问题.我建议进行更多测量.您是否在每个项目中使用1个gemset或将所有内容都存储在1个gemset中(如果您不使用任何东西，那是真的)?如果您在1个目录中有很多gem(即所有的1个gemset)，由于它需要遍历更多路径来完成工作，因此最终会大大降低捆绑程序的速度.

Bundler

Looks like some bundler loading issue for me. I'd recommend to make some more measurements. Do you use 1 gemset per project or store everything in 1 gemset (it's true if you don't use any)? If you have lots of gems in 1 directory (i.e. 1 gemset for all) it will eventually slows down bundler a lot, since it needs to traverse more paths to make its job.

bundle | wc -l # how many gems bundler uses in your current project
gem list -q | wc -l # how many gems in your gemset

如果gem list -q | wc -l报告非常大的价值(我有237，对我来说一切似乎都很正常)，也许您需要将每个项目中已安装的gem拆分成单独的gemset.

If gem list -q | wc -l reports quite large value (I have 237 and everything seems normal for me), maybe you need to split installed gems into a separate gemset per project.

使用time命令进行更多测量，查找real值，即总和.

Make some more measurements with time command, look for the real value, it's total sum.

首先，删除您的bundled_rspec包装，最新的RVM 版本不需要.

First, remove your bundled_rspec wrapper, it's not needed with latest RVM versions.

然后在有和没有Bundler的情况下测量您的rspec加载:

Then measure your rspec loading with and without Bundler:

time rspec -v # with implicit bundler loading, rubygems-bundler gem is in use
time NOEXEC_DISABLE=1 rspec -v # without bundler, disable rubygems-bundler gem for this call`

如果time rspec -v即使对于Gemfile较小的项目也能提供大量数字，则这是捆绑程序的问题.

If time rspec -v gives you big numbers even for project with relatively small Gemfile, it's a bundler issue.

下一个瓶颈通常是Rails本身.尝试测量一个不会加载Rails的测试(即仅spec_helper)，然后使用rails(即使用rails_helper)进行测试.

Next bottleneck is usually Rails itself. Try measuring one test that doesn't load Rails (i.e. just spec_helper) and then test with rails (i.e. with rails_helper).

当您开始看到数字上的巨大差异时，您就会知道问题出在哪里.

As soon you start seeing big difference in numbers, you'll know where you have a problem.

使用 spring gem 作为提高Rails性能的快速解决方案.如果使用Rails 4.1+，则Spring已启用.

As a quick-fix solution to improve rails performance is a usage of spring gem. If you use Rails 4.1+ Spring is already enabled.

要为rspec启用Spring，请添加到您的Gemfile

To enable Spring for rspec add to your Gemfile

gem 'spring-commands-rspec', group: :development

并运行

$ bundle install
$ spring binstub --all

Last命令将为项目的bin文件夹中所有受Spring支持的二进制文件生成包装器(在此处查看，不要忘记提交它们).之后，您应该使用bin/rspec运行rspec.第一次运行仍然会很慢，但是所有后续运行都应该足够快，因为Rails已被加载.

Last command will generate wrappers for all spring supported binaries in your project's bin folder (take a look there and don't forget to commit them). After that you should run rspec with bin/rspec. First run will be still slow, but all consequent runs should be fast enough since Rails will be already loaded.

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