从Cert和Key创建X509Certificate2，而无需创建PFX文件

问题描述

过去，我一直通过导出带有密码的PFX证书来制作安全的TcpListener，但想知道是否可以跳过此步骤。

我没有使用商业SSL证书，而是使用根CA颁发服务器证书。这些服务器证书在C＃中托管TcpListener时需要其他步骤（我想是因为未使用CSR）...但是，如果我确实拥有私钥和OpenSSL生成/使用的证书，该怎么办。

  sslCertificate = new X509Certificate2（ myExportedCert.pfx， 1234）; 
  

所以这很好，但是我必须发出openssl命令来从证书中创建pfx文件和私钥，然后组成一些密码。然后在我的代码中包含此密码。

我想知道此步骤是否非常必要。有没有办法从Cert组成X509Certificate2，然后应用私钥。构造函数参数仅允许Cert部分使用，但是由于没有私钥，加密操作随后失败。

此外，我也不想依赖OpenSSL或IIS进行导出pfx ....似乎很笨拙。

理想情况下，我想：

  sslCertificate = new X509Certificate2（ myCert.crt）; 
 sslCertificate.ApplyPrivateKey（keyBytes）//< =或 private.key或任何
 
 sslStream.AuthenticateAsServer（sslCertificate，false，SslProtocols.Default，false）; 
  

解决方案

您要问几件事

为证书附加私钥

从.NET Framework开始您可以将4.7.2或.NET Core 2.0结合使用证书和密钥。它不会修改证书对象，而是生成一个知道密钥的新证书对象。

 使用（X509Certificate2 pubOnly =新的X509Certificate2（ myCert.crt））
使用（X509Certificate2 pubPrivEphemeral = pubOnly.CopyWithPrivateKey（privateKey））
 {
 //导出为PFX并重新导入，如果您想正常PFX私钥生存期 
 //（SslStream当前需要此步骤，但对于使用证书的大多数其他事物
 //则不需要）
返回新的X509Certificate2（pubPrivEphemeral.Export（X509ContentType.Pfx ））； 
} 
  

在.NET Framework（但不是.NET Core）上，如果您的私钥是 RSACryptoServiceProvider 或 DSACryptoServiceProvider 您可以使用 cert.PrivateKey = key

加载私钥

这一点较难，除非您已经解决过。

在大多数情况下，答案是在，但是如果您可以迁移到.NET Core 3.0，事情就会变得容易得多。

PKCS＃8 PrivateKeyInfo

从.NET Core 3.0开始，您可以相对简单地做到这一点：

  using（RSA rsa = RSA.Create（））
 {
 rsa.ImportPkcs8PrivateKey（binaryEncoding，out _）; 
 //现在用键做东西
} 
  

（当然，如果您有PEM，则需要通过在BEGIN和END分隔符之间提取内容并通过 Convert.FromBase64String 运行它来 de-PEM，以获取 binaryEncoding ）。

PKCS＃8 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo

开始在.NET Core 3.0中，您可以相对简单地做到这一点：

 使用（RSA rsa = RSA.Create（））
 {
 rsa.ImportEncryptedPkcs8PrivateKey（password，binaryEncoding，out _）; 
 //现在使用键进行填充
} 
  

（如上所述，如果是PEM，则需要先去PEM。

PKCS＃1 RSAPrivateKey

从.NET Core 3.0开始，您可以相对简单地完成此操作：

 使用（RSA rsa = RSA.Create（））
 {
 rsa.ImportRSAPrivateKey（binaryEncoding，out _）; 
 //现在用键做东西
} 
  

（相同的 de -PEM（如果是PEM）。

In the past I have been making secure TcpListener by exporting a PFX certificate with a password, but would like to know if this step could be skipped.

I'm not using commercial SSL certificates, and have a Root CA, that I use to issue server certificates. These server certificates require additional steps when hosting a TcpListener in C# (I guess because the CSR wasn't used)... but what if I do have the Private Key, and the Certificate that OpenSSL generates/uses.

sslCertificate = new X509Certificate2("myExportedCert.pfx", "1234");

So this is great, however I have to issue an openssl command to make a pfx file from the Certificate and the Private Key, then make up some password. Then include this password in my code.

I was wondering if this step was quite necessary. Is there a way to make up a X509Certificate2 from the Cert, and then apply the Private Key. The constructor arguments allow the Cert only part, but encrypting fails then because there is no private key.

Also, I don't want to rely on OpenSSL or IIS to export the pfx.... seems clumsy.

Ideally i would like:

sslCertificate = new X509Certificate2("myCert.crt");
sslCertificate.ApplyPrivateKey(keyBytes) // <= or "private.key" or whatever

sslStream.AuthenticateAsServer(sslCertificate, false, SslProtocols.Default, false);

解决方案

There are a couple of different things you're asking for, with different levels of ease.

Attaching a private key to a certificate

Starting in .NET Framework 4.7.2 or .NET Core 2.0 you can combine a cert and a key. It doesn't modify the certificate object, but rather produces a new cert object which knows about the key.

using (X509Certificate2 pubOnly = new X509Certificate2("myCert.crt"))
using (X509Certificate2 pubPrivEphemeral = pubOnly.CopyWithPrivateKey(privateKey))
{
    // Export as PFX and re-import if you want "normal PFX private key lifetime"
    // (this step is currently required for SslStream, but not for most other things
    // using certificates)
    return new X509Certificate2(pubPrivEphemeral.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx));
}

on .NET Framework (but not .NET Core) if your private key is RSACryptoServiceProvider or DSACryptoServiceProvider you can use cert.PrivateKey = key, but that has complex side-effects and is discouraged.

Loading the private key

This one is harder, unless you've already solved it.

For the most part the answer for this is in Digital signature in c# without using BouncyCastle, but if you can move to .NET Core 3.0 things get a lot easier.

PKCS#8 PrivateKeyInfo

Starting in .NET Core 3.0 you can do this relatively simply:

using (RSA rsa = RSA.Create())
{
    rsa.ImportPkcs8PrivateKey(binaryEncoding, out _);
    // do stuff with the key now
}

(of course, if you had a PEM you need to "de-PEM" it, by extracting the contents between the BEGIN and END delimiters and running it through Convert.FromBase64String in order to get binaryEncoding).

PKCS#8 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo

Starting in .NET Core 3.0 you can do this relatively simply:

using (RSA rsa = RSA.Create())
{
    rsa.ImportEncryptedPkcs8PrivateKey(password, binaryEncoding, out _);
    // do stuff with the key now
}

(as above, you need to "de-PEM" it first, if it was PEM).

PKCS#1 RSAPrivateKey

Starting in .NET Core 3.0 you can do this relatively simply:

using (RSA rsa = RSA.Create())
{
    rsa.ImportRSAPrivateKey(binaryEncoding, out _);
    // do stuff with the key now
}

(same "de-PEM" if PEM).

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