钩入linux键事件处理

问题描述

我想了解Linux桌面键事件处理.

I want to hook into linux desktop key event handling.

按CapsLock应该输入某种命令行.

Pressing CapsLock should enter some sort of command line.

一些我想实现的命令:

• d/x:从当前光标位置删除，直到字符x. (受vi启发)
• a:转到行首，例如pos1. (受emacs启发).
• k:删除直到行尾. (受emacs启发).
• ...

• d/x: Delete from current cursor position until character x. (inspired by vi)
• a: Goto to beginning of line, like pos1. (inspired by emacs).
• k: Delete until end of line. (inspired by emacs).
• ...

命令应可在任何文本字段中使用:浏览器，邮件客户端，gnome终端，...

The commands should work in any text field: Browser, Mail Client, gnome terminal, ...

AFAIK低级xmodmap在这里无济于事.

AFAIK low level xmodmap won't help me here.

这样可能吗?

我需要在哪里放置挂钩?

Where do I need to place the hook?

当前目标平台是Ubuntu> = 14.04

Current target platform is Ubuntu >= 14.04

背景:我想将手指保持在F和J上，并且在不看键盘的情况下使用计算机.几年来一直适用于A-Z，但是像Pos1/End这样的键不容易访问.

Background: I want to keep my pointing fingers on F and J, and use the computer without looking at the keyboard. Works for A-Z since several years, but keys like Pos1/End are not easy to access.

如果您不理解此问题的一部分，请发表评论.谢谢.

Please leave a comment if you don't understand a part of this question. Thank you.

更新

此问题仅与如何挂接到关键事件处理有关.其他内容(命令行)是一个不同的主题.您如何捕捉例如CapsLock x?

This question is only about how to hook into the key event handling. The other stuff (command line) is a different topic. How can you catch for example CapsLock x?

更新2 我看到没有简单而直接的解决方案.如果您没有答案，但是您知道我在哪里可以找到更多帮助(例如在邮件列表FOO上询问)，请告诉我.

Update2I see there is no easy and straight forward solution. If you have no answer, but you know where I can find more help (like ask on mailing list FOO), please tell me.

更新3 由于有些人不了解我想要的东西，所以我尝试解释一下:如果我使用emacs或bash，我会感觉自己像是在控制计算机:这就像飞行，只有很少的动作，我就能告诉计算机去做什么.我想.在Web浏览器文本区域，LibreOffice或使用Thunderbird中编辑文本可以消除这种感觉.光标移动很麻烦，它感觉不像飞行.我想控制桌面，而不仅仅是单个应用程序，并且将手指保持在F和J键上.

Update3Since some people do not understand what I want, I try to explain it: If I use emacs or bash I feel like being in control if the computer: it is like flying, with only very few movements I can tell the computer to do what I want. Editing text in webbrowser textarea, LibreOffice or using thunderbird makes this feeling go away. Cursor movements are cumbersome, it does not feel like flying. I want to control the desktop, not just a single application, and keep my pointing fingers on the F and J keys.

推荐答案

更新

您可以使用EVIOCGRAB ioctl，而不是告诉X服务器忽略该设备，而我将其添加到下面的程序中.

Instead of telling the X server to ignore the device, you can use EVIOCGRAB ioctl, which I added to the program below.

您需要执行以下操作:

1.确保已编译并加载了CONFIG_UINPUT模块.我相信Ubuntu已经有了它.如果看不到/dev/uinput设备，请尝试运行modprobe -v uinput加载模块.

1.Make sure you have CONFIG_UINPUT module compiled and loaded. I believe Ubuntu already has it. If you don't see /dev/uinput device, try running modprobe -v uinput to load the module.

2.以root用户身份运行以下程序，并为其指定键盘设备的路径，例如:

2.Run the following program as root and give it the path of the keyboard device, eg:

./process /dev/input/by-id/usb-Microsoft_Wired_Keyboard_600-event-kbd

以下程序创建一个伪造的输入设备，称为uinput-sample，并将所有事件从给定的输入设备转发到该输入设备.我根据 http://thiemonge.org/getting-started-with-uinput中给出的示例进行了改编

The following program creates a fake input device called uinput-sample and forwards all events from a given input device to it. I adapted it from the sample given in http://thiemonge.org/getting-started-with-uinput

您可以对其进行修改以执行您想做的事情.

You can modify it to do things you want to do.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <linux/uinput.h>

#define die(str, args...) do { \
        perror(str); \
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
    } while(0)

int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    int                    fdo, fdi;
    struct uinput_user_dev uidev;
    struct input_event     ev;
    int                    i;

    if(argc != 2) die("error: specify input device");

    fdo = open("/dev/uinput", O_WRONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
    if(fdo < 0) die("error: open");

    fdi = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
    if(fdi < 0) die("error: open");

    if(ioctl(fdi, EVIOCGRAB, 1) < 0) die("error: ioctl");

    if(ioctl(fdo, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_SYN) < 0) die("error: ioctl");
    if(ioctl(fdo, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_KEY) < 0) die("error: ioctl");
    if(ioctl(fdo, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_MSC) < 0) die("error: ioctl");

    for(i = 0; i < KEY_MAX; ++i)
        if(ioctl(fdo, UI_SET_KEYBIT, i) < 0) die("error: ioctl");

    memset(&uidev, 0, sizeof(uidev));
    snprintf(uidev.name, UINPUT_MAX_NAME_SIZE, "uinput-sample");
    uidev.id.bustype = BUS_USB;
    uidev.id.vendor  = 0x1;
    uidev.id.product = 0x1;
    uidev.id.version = 1;

    if(write(fdo, &uidev, sizeof(uidev)) < 0) die("error: write");
    if(ioctl(fdo, UI_DEV_CREATE) < 0) die("error: ioctl");

    while(1)
    {
        if(read(fdi, &ev, sizeof(struct input_event)) < 0)
            die("error: read");

        ev.time.tv_sec = 0;
        ev.time.tv_usec = 0;

        if(write(fdo, &ev, sizeof(struct input_event)) < 0)
            die("error: write");
    }

    if(ioctl(fdo, UI_DEV_DESTROY) < 0) die("error: ioctl");

    close(fdi);
    close(fdo);

    return 0;
}

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