如何在.NET Core（用户范围或系统范围）中设置全局环境变量

问题描述

在完整的.NET中，我们可以将 EnvironmentVariableTarget 枚举传递给 Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable 调用：

In full .NET we can pass EnvironmentVariableTarget enum to Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable call:

public enum EnvironmentVariableTarget
{
    Process,
    User,
    Machine
}

使用 User 或 Machine 选项，我们可以设置一个用户范围或系统范围的变量，该变量在应用程序结束后仍然有效：

With User or Machine options we can set a user-wide or system-wide variable which stays live after application end:

Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("foo", "bar", EnvironmentVariableTarget.User);

...

> echo %foo%
bar

但是， Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable 在.NET Core中不接受变量目标。甚至对此方法的XML注释都表明：

However, Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable doesn't accept the variable target in .NET Core. Even XML comment for this method says:

如何在以.NET Core为目标的应用程序中设置用户范围或机器范围的环境变量？只有跨平台的解决方案才有意义（至少Windows和Linux）。

How to set an user-wide or machine-wide environment variable in .NET Core-targeted app? Only a crossplatform solution makes sense (at least Windows and Linux).

推荐答案

对于.NET Core 1.x，它仅允许设置用户上下文中的环境变量。借助新的.NET Core 2.0预览版，它允许使用 EnvironmentVariableTarget 。但是，根据 GitHub问题设置，用户或计算机环境变量不起作用非Windows平台。

For .NET Core 1.x it only allows setting an environment variable in the User context. With the new .NET Core 2.0 preview it allows using the EnvironmentVariableTarget. However, according to this GitHub issue setting User or Machine environment variables doesn't work on non-windows platforms.

在GitHub问题中也描述了使用变通方法来检查它是否是非Windows平台来设置环境变量。例如：

Also described in the GitHub issue is to use a workaround to check if it is a non-windows platform to set an environment variable. For example:

// omitting check for presence of bash binary
if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux)) System.Diagnostics.Process.Start("/bin/bash", "-c export " + variable + "=" + value);

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