尝试使用 Spring 运行 jUnit 测试时出现 NoSuchFieldError

问题描述

到目前为止我有两个测试.一个只使用 jUnit 框架并且工作正常.另一个使用 spring-test 库并在我每次尝试运行它时创建此异常.任何可能导致问题的想法?

So far I have two tests. One uses only jUnit framework and works fine. The other one uses spring-test library and creates this exception every time I try to run it. Any ideas what may cause the problem?

错误

java.lang.NoSuchFieldError: NULL
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.<init>(ParentRunner.java:48)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.<init>(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:59)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.<init>(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:104)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513)
at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:27)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.<init>(JUnit4TestReference.java:32)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestClassReference.<init>(JUnit4TestClassReference.java:25)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestLoader.createTest(JUnit4TestLoader.java:41)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestLoader.loadTests(JUnit4TestLoader.java:31)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:452)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

Maven 测试依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.7</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
    <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

依赖树

[INFO] [dependency:tree {execution: default-cli}]
[INFO] fake:war:1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] +- log4j:log4j:jar:1.2.16:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-web:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  +- aopalliance:aopalliance:jar:1.0:compile
[INFO] |  +- org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  +- org.springframework:spring-context:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  |  +- org.springframework:spring-aop:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  |  +- org.springframework:spring-expression:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  |  - org.springframework:spring-asm:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  - org.springframework:spring-core:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |     - commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:compile
[INFO] +- commons-codec:commons-codec:jar:1.4:compile
[INFO] +- org.glassfish:javax.faces:jar:2.1.3:compile
[INFO] +- org.richfaces.ui:richfaces-components-ui:jar:4.0.0.Final:compile
[INFO] |  +- org.richfaces.ui:richfaces-components-api:jar:4.0.0.Final:compile
[INFO] |  - org.richfaces.core:richfaces-core-api:jar:4.0.0.Final:compile
[INFO] +- org.richfaces.core:richfaces-core-impl:jar:4.0.0.Final:compile
[INFO] |  +- net.sourceforge.cssparser:cssparser:jar:0.9.5:compile
[INFO] |  |  - org.w3c.css:sac:jar:1.3:compile
[INFO] |  - com.google.guava:guava:jar:r08:compile
[INFO] +- org.hibernate:hibernate-validator:jar:4.2.0.Final:compile
[INFO] |  - org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.6.1:compile
[INFO] +- javax.validation:validation-api:jar:1.0.0.GA:compile
[INFO] +- javax.xml.bind:jaxb-api:jar:2.2.2:compile
[INFO] |  +- javax.xml.stream:stax-api:jar:1.0-2:compile
[INFO] |  - javax.activation:activation:jar:1.1:compile
[INFO] +- com.sun.xml.bind:jaxb-impl:jar:2.2.2:compile
[INFO] +- javax.servlet:jstl:jar:1.1.2:compile
[INFO] +- junit:junit:jar:4.7:test
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-test:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:test
[INFO] +- javax.servlet:jsp-api:jar:2.0:provided
[INFO] - javax.servlet:servlet-api:jar:2.4:provided

推荐答案

您是否使用旧版本的 Eclipse(Galileo 或之前版本)?还是旧版本的junit插件?如果是这样，这可能是问题的原因.ParentRunner 正在寻找 Sorter.NULL，它是在 JUnit 4.5 中引入的:

Are you using an older version of Eclipse (Galileo or before)? or an older version of the junit plugin? If so, this may be the cause of the problem. ParentRunner is looking for Sorter.NULL, which was introduced in JUnit 4.5:

package org.junit.runner.manipulation;

public class Sorter implements Comparator<Description> {
    /**
     * NULL is a <code>Sorter</code> that leaves elements in an undefined order
     */
    public static Sorter NULL= new Sorter(new Comparator<Description>() {
        public int compare(Description o1, Description o2) {
            return 0;
        }});

如果您没有这段代码，则您可能使用的是 4.5 之前的版本.在您的 Eclipse 上，按 Ctrl-Shift-T 并查看您是否有多个版本的 Sorter 类可用，如果有，请确保它们都不是 4.5 之前的版本.另外，在 Build Path 中查看您的项目设置，如果有 JUnit 条目(不是 maven 版本)，请将其删除，然后重试.

If you don't have this bit of code, you're probably using a pre-4.5 version. On your Eclipse, do Ctrl-Shift-T and see if you have multiple versions of the Sorter class available, and if so, make sure neither of them are pre 4.5. Also, look in your project setup in your Build Path, and if there is JUnit entry (not the maven version), remove it, and try again.

这也可能是由 Maven 的传递依赖引起的.也许您的某个库依赖于 4.5 之前的 JUnit 版本.

This can also be caused by a transitive dependency of Maven. Maybe one of your libraries has a dependency on a JUnit version which is pre-4.5.

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