在 x 轴上绘制带有日期标签的时间序列

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问题描述

我知道这个问题可能是陈词滥调，但我很难做到.

我的数据集格式如下:

日期访问11/1/2010 69653711/2/2010 71874811/3/2010 79935511/4/2010 80580011/5/2010 70126211/6/2010 53157911/7/2010 69006811/8/2010 75694711/9/2010 7187572010 年 11 月 10 日 70176811/11/2010 82011311/12/2010 645259

我想创建一个时间序列图，x 轴代表时间 &y 轴视图.另外，我想用日期标记 x 轴.我使用的代码如下:

dm$newday = as.POSIXct(strptime(dm$Day, format="%Y-%m-%d"))plot(as.Date(dm$day),dm$visits)axis.Date(1,Day,at=seq(as.Date("2010/10/30"), as.Date("2011/01/29"),by="days"))

解决方案

1) 由于时间是日期，所以一定要使用 Date" 类，而不是 POSIXct" 或 POSIXlt".请参阅 R 新闻 4/1 以获取建议，并在最后的注释中定义 Lines 的地方尝试此操作.这里没有使用任何包.

dm

text = Lines 的使用只是为了保持示例自包含，实际上它会被替换为类似 "myfile.dat" 的内容.(上图后续)

2) 由于这是一个时间序列，您可能希望使用时间序列表示法提供稍微简单的代码:

图书馆(动物园)z <- read.zoo(text = Lines, header = TRUE, format = "%m/%d/%Y")绘图(z，xaxt =n")轴(1，dm$Date，格式(dm$Date，%b %d")，cex.axis = .7)

根据您希望绘图的样子，在第一种情况下仅使用 plot(Visits ~ Date, dm) 或 plot(z) 可能就足够了> 在第二种情况下完全禁止 axis 命令.也可以使用 xyplot.zoo

库(格子)xyplot(z)

或 autoplot.zoo:

库(ggplot2)自动绘图(z)

注意:

行 <- "日期访问11/1/2010 69653711/2/2010 71874811/3/2010 79935511/4/2010 80580011/5/2010 70126211/6/2010 53157911/7/2010 69006811/8/2010 75694711/9/2010 7187572010 年 11 月 10 日 70176811/11/2010 8201132010 年 11 月 12 日 645259"

I know that this question might be a cliche, but I'm having hard time doing it.

I've data set in the following format:

    Date            Visits

    11/1/2010       696537
    11/2/2010       718748
    11/3/2010       799355
    11/4/2010       805800
    11/5/2010       701262
    11/6/2010       531579
    11/7/2010       690068
    11/8/2010       756947
    11/9/2010       718757
    11/10/2010      701768
    11/11/2010      820113
    11/12/2010      645259

I want to create a time-series plot, with x-axis representing time & y-axis vists. Also, I want to mark the x-axis with date. The code I was using is the following:

dm$newday = as.POSIXct(strptime(dm$Day, format="%Y-%m-%d"))
plot(as.Date(dm$day),dm$visits)
axis.Date(1,Day,at=seq(as.Date("2010/10/30"), as.Date("2011/01/29"),by="days"))

解决方案

1) Since the times are dates be sure to use "Date" class, not "POSIXct" or "POSIXlt". See R News 4/1 for advice and try this where Lines is defined in the Note at the end. No packages are used here.

dm <- read.table(text = Lines, header = TRUE)
dm$Date <- as.Date(dm$Date, "%m/%d/%Y")
plot(Visits ~ Date, dm, xaxt = "n", type = "l")
axis(1, dm$Date, format(dm$Date, "%b %d"), cex.axis = .7)

The use of text = Lines is just to keep the example self-contained and in reality it would be replaced with something like "myfile.dat" . (continued after image)

2) Since this is a time series you may wish to use a time series representation giving slightly simpler code:

library(zoo)

z <- read.zoo(text = Lines, header = TRUE, format = "%m/%d/%Y")
plot(z, xaxt = "n")
axis(1, dm$Date, format(dm$Date, "%b %d"), cex.axis = .7)

Depending on what you want the plot to look like it may be sufficient just to use plot(Visits ~ Date, dm) in the first case or plot(z) in the second case suppressing the axis command entirely. It could also be done using xyplot.zoo

library(lattice)
xyplot(z)

or autoplot.zoo:

library(ggplot2)
autoplot(z)

Note:

Lines <- "Date            Visits
11/1/2010   696537
11/2/2010   718748
11/3/2010   799355
11/4/2010   805800
11/5/2010   701262
11/6/2010   531579
11/7/2010   690068
11/8/2010   756947
11/9/2010   718757
11/10/2010  701768
11/11/2010  820113
11/12/2010  645259"

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