如何向 Spark DataFrame 添加新列(使用 PySpark)?

问题描述

我有一个 Spark DataFrame(使用 PySpark 1.5.1)并且想添加一个新列.

I have a Spark DataFrame (using PySpark 1.5.1) and would like to add a new column.

我尝试了以下方法但没有成功:

I've tried the following without any success:

type(randomed_hours) # => list

# Create in Python and transform to RDD

new_col = pd.DataFrame(randomed_hours, columns=['new_col'])

spark_new_col = sqlContext.createDataFrame(new_col)

my_df_spark.withColumn("hours", spark_new_col["new_col"])

使用这个也有错误:

my_df_spark.withColumn("hours",  sc.parallelize(randomed_hours))

那么如何使用 PySpark 向现有 DataFrame 添加新列(基于 Python 向量)?

So how do I add a new column (based on Python vector) to an existing DataFrame with PySpark?

推荐答案

您不能在 Spark 中向 DataFrame 添加任意列.只能使用文字创建新列(其他文字类型在 如何在 Spark DataFrame 中添加常量列? 中描述)

You cannot add an arbitrary column to a DataFrame in Spark. New columns can be created only by using literals (other literal types are described in How to add a constant column in a Spark DataFrame?)

from pyspark.sql.functions import lit

df = sqlContext.createDataFrame(
    [(1, "a", 23.0), (3, "B", -23.0)], ("x1", "x2", "x3"))

df_with_x4 = df.withColumn("x4", lit(0))
df_with_x4.show()

## +---+---+-----+---+
## | x1| x2|   x3| x4|
## +---+---+-----+---+
## |  1|  a| 23.0|  0|
## |  3|  B|-23.0|  0|
## +---+---+-----+---+

转换现有列:

from pyspark.sql.functions import exp

df_with_x5 = df_with_x4.withColumn("x5", exp("x3"))
df_with_x5.show()

## +---+---+-----+---+--------------------+
## | x1| x2|   x3| x4|                  x5|
## +---+---+-----+---+--------------------+
## |  1|  a| 23.0|  0| 9.744803446248903E9|
## |  3|  B|-23.0|  0|1.026187963170189...|
## +---+---+-----+---+--------------------+

使用 join 包含:

from pyspark.sql.functions import exp

lookup = sqlContext.createDataFrame([(1, "foo"), (2, "bar")], ("k", "v"))
df_with_x6 = (df_with_x5
    .join(lookup, col("x1") == col("k"), "leftouter")
    .drop("k")
    .withColumnRenamed("v", "x6"))

## +---+---+-----+---+--------------------+----+
## | x1| x2|   x3| x4|                  x5|  x6|
## +---+---+-----+---+--------------------+----+
## |  1|  a| 23.0|  0| 9.744803446248903E9| foo|
## |  3|  B|-23.0|  0|1.026187963170189...|null|
## +---+---+-----+---+--------------------+----+

或用函数/udf生成:

or generated with function / udf:

from pyspark.sql.functions import rand

df_with_x7 = df_with_x6.withColumn("x7", rand())
df_with_x7.show()

## +---+---+-----+---+--------------------+----+-------------------+
## | x1| x2|   x3| x4|                  x5|  x6|                 x7|
## +---+---+-----+---+--------------------+----+-------------------+
## |  1|  a| 23.0|  0| 9.744803446248903E9| foo|0.41930610446846617|
## |  3|  B|-23.0|  0|1.026187963170189...|null|0.37801881545497873|
## +---+---+-----+---+--------------------+----+-------------------+

映射到 Catalyst 表达式的性能方面的内置函数 (pyspark.sql.functions) 通常优于 Python 用户定义函数.

Performance-wise, built-in functions (pyspark.sql.functions), which map to Catalyst expression, are usually preferred over Python user defined functions.

如果要将任意 RDD 的内容添加为列，可以

If you want to add content of an arbitrary RDD as a column you can

• 将行号添加到现有数据框
• 在 RDD 上调用 zipWithIndex 并将其转换为数据框
• 使用索引作为连接键连接两者

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